Mutational analysis. A joint framework for Cauchy problems in and beyond vector spaces (Q974092)

0. Introduction. Diverse evolutions come together under the same roof. Some interlocutory examples: A region growing method of image segmentation; image smoothing via anisotropic diffusion; A stochastic differential game without precisely known realization of opponents. Extending the traditional horizon: evolution equation beyond vector spaces: Aubin's initial notion: regard affine linear maps just as a special type of Elementary Deformations, mutational analysis as an adaptive black box, for initial value problems, the initial problem decomposition and the final link to more popular meanings of abstract solutions, the new steps of generalization; mutational inclusions are given in the introduction. Chapter 1. This chapter contains Extending ordinary differential equations to metric spaces: Aubin's Suggestion: The key for avoiding linear structures: transitions; the mutation as counterpart of time derivative; feedback leads to mutational equations; proofs for existence and uniqueness of solutions without state constraints; an essential advantage of mutational equations solutions to systems; proof for existence of solutions under state constraints; some elementary properties of the contingent transition set; example: ordinary differential equations in \(\mathbb R^N\); Example: morphological equations for compact sets in \(\mathbb R^N\); the Pompein-Hausdorff distance, morphological Transitions, morphological primitives as reachable sets, some examples of morphological primitives, some examples of contingent transition sets, solution to morphological equations; Example: morphological transitions for image segmentation problem, analytical tools of the continuous segmentation problem, solving the continuous segmentation problem, the application to computer images; Example: Modified morphological equations via bounded one-sided Lipschitz maps. Chapter 2. This chapter deals with adapting mutational equations to examples in vector spaces: The topological environment, specifying transition and mutation. Solutions to mutational equations: continuity with respect to initial states and right-hand side, limits of point wise converging solutions: convergence theorem, existence of mutational equations without state constraints, convergence theorem and existence for systems, existence for mutational equations with delay, existence under state constraints for finite index set. Examples: semi linear evolution equations in reflexive Banach spaces, nonlinear transport equations for random measures, the dual matrix on random measures, linear transport equations induce transitions, conclusion about nonlinear transport equations; A structured population model with random measures, linear population model, conclusions about the full nonlinear population model, modified morphol equations via one sided Lipschitz maps etc. Chapter 3. This chapter contains Continuity of distances replaces the triangle inequality: General assumptions, the essential features of transitions do not change, solutions to mutational equations: continuity with respect to initial states and right hand side, limits of graphically converging solutions: convergence theorem existence of mutational equations with delay and without state constraints, existence for systems of mutational equations with delay, existence understate constraints for a single index, exploring a generalized form of ``weak'' compactness: convergence and existence without state constraints, existence of solutions due to completeness extending the Cauchy-Lipschitz theorem; local \(\omega\)-contractivity of transitions can become dispensable, considering tuples with a separate real time component; Example: strong solutions to non local stochastic differential equations, stochastic morphological equations for square integrable random closed sets in \(\mathbb R^N\); Nonlinear continuity equations with coefficients of BVP for \(L^N\) measures etc.; nonlocal parabolic equation in cylindrical domains; semilinear evolution equations in any Banach spaces; parabolic differential equations in non cylindrical domains etc. Chapter 4: This chapter is devoted to Introducing distribution like solutions to mutational equations: General assumptions, Comparing of test elements along timed transitions, timed solutions to mutational equations Example: mutational equations for compact sets in \(\mathbb R^N\); depending on normal cones, existence of timed solutions without state constraints due to another form of ``weak'' Euler compactness, existence of solutions due to transitional Euler compactness; Further examples: mutational equations for compact sets depending on normal cones, uniqueness of timed solutions etc. Chapter 5 This chapter deals with Mathematical inclusions in metric spaces: mutational inclusions without state constraints, morphological inclusions with state constraints: A viable theorem, the steps for proving the morphological viability theorem; morphological control problems for compact sets in \(\mathbb R^N\); with state constraints, closed control lops for problems with state constraints etc. The following tools are given as appendix: Tools: The lemma of Gronwall and its generalizations; Fillipov's theorem for differential inclusions; Scorza-Dragon theorem and applications to reachable sets; relaxation theorem of Filippov-Wazewski for differential inclusions; regularity of reachable sets of differential inclusions; Reynolds transport theorem for differential inclusion with Caratéodory maps; differential inclusions with one sided Lipschits continuous maps, stochastic differential inclusions in \(\mathbb R^N\); proximal normals of set sequences in \(\mathbb R^N\); tools for set-valued maps; compactness of continuous functions between metric spaces; Bochner integrals and weak compactness in \(L^1\); are given. This monograph contains bibliographical notes, references, index of notations and index. In short the entire monograph is written clearly as a synthesis of two aims: first the reader should have quick access to the results of individual interest and second all mathematical conclusions are presented in detail so that they are sufficiently comprehensible. This monograph is suitable for graduate students and researchers in this field.