On a modification in the averaging principle for degenerate equations (Q1377935)

The author investigates the system \[ x'= \varepsilon\varphi(t, x)+ \varepsilon^2\psi(t, x,\varepsilon).\tag{\(*\)} \] Here \(\varphi: \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}^n\), \(\psi: \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n\times [0,1]\to \mathbb{R}^n\), \(\varphi\) and \(\psi\) are \(T\)-periodic in time \(t\), and \(\varepsilon\) is a positive parameter. The averaging principle consist in an elimination of closeness in a finite time interval of solutions to \((*)\) to solutions to the simpler system \(y'= \varepsilon\varphi_0(y)\), where \(\varphi_0(y)={1\over T}\int^T_0 \varphi(s, y)ds\). The author constructs the auxiliary system \[ z'= \varepsilon^2\Phi(z),\tag{\(**\)} \] where \(\Phi(z)= -\varphi^*(z)+ \psi^*(z)\), \(\varphi^*(z)= {1\over T}\int^T_0 \int^\tau_0\varphi_x'(s, z)\varphi(\tau, z)ds d\tau\) and \(\psi^*(z)= {1\over T}\int^T_0 \psi(\tau,z,0)d\tau\). A solution to \((**)\) is denoted by \(z(t,x_0,\varepsilon)\) with the initial condition \(z(0,x_0,\varepsilon)= x_0\), and it is assumed that the solution \(z(t, x_0,1)\) to \((**)\) for \(\varepsilon= 1\) is unique and defined in the interval \([0,d]\). Suppose that the functions \(\varphi(t,x)\), \(\varphi_x'(t,x)\) and \(\psi(\tau,x,\varepsilon)\) are continuous with respect to all variables, then the function \(\varphi^*(z)\) and \(\psi^*(z)\) are defined. The main statements are the following: 1. Let the condition \(\varphi_0(x)\equiv 0\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), be satisfied. Then every \(\gamma>0\) is associated with \(\varepsilon_0> 0\) such that the estimate \(\| x(t, x_0,\_varepsilon)- z(t, x_0,\varepsilon)\|< \gamma\), \(0\leq t\leq d/\varepsilon^2\) is valid for \(0< \varepsilon<\varepsilon_0\). 2. Let \(y_*\) be an isolated equilibrium state of system \((**)\), and the condition \(\text{ind}(y_*,\Phi)\neq 0\) (or \(\text{det }\Phi'(y_*)\neq 0\)) be fulfilled. Then every \(\gamma>0\) is associated with \(\varepsilon_0>0\) such that for \(0<\varepsilon< \varepsilon_0\), the system \((*)\) has at least one \(T\)-periodic solution \(x(t,\varepsilon)\) for which the estimate \(\| x(t,\varepsilon)- y_*\|< \gamma\), \(0\leq t\leq T\), is valid.