On some extremal properties of finite ultrametric spaces (Q2303899)

An ultrametric on a set \(X\) is a function \(d: X\times X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+, \mathbb{R}^+ = [0,\infty)\), such that for all \(x, y, z \in X\): \(d(x,y) =d(y,x)\), \((d(x,y) =0) \iff (x =y)\), \(d(x,y)\leq max\{d(x,z),d(z,y)\}\). Let \((X,d)\) be a finite nonempty ultrametric space. The authors list a number of conditions that are equivalent to `The diameters of different nonsingular balls are different'. For every nonempty finite ultrametric space \((X,d)\) the authors associate a labeled rooted tree \(T_X = T_X(r,l)\) with \(r = X\) and \(l: V (T_X) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+\). Assume \(n \geq 2\) is an integer. The authors give a number of conditions that are equivalent to `\(T_X\) is strictly \(n\)-ary'. For \(n = \bigtriangleup^+(T_X)\) the authors give a number of conditions that are equivalent to `\(T_X\) is a strictly \(n\)-ary tree with injective internal labeling'.