Construction of Nikulin configurations on some Kummer surfaces and applications (Q1741831)

A Nikulin configuration ${\mathcal{C}}$ is the data of $16$ disjoint smooth rational $(-2)$-curves $A_1,\cdots,A_{16}$ on a $K3$ surface $X$. Then $X$ is a Kummer surface, $X=\text{Km}(B)$ where $B$ is an abelain surface determined by ${\mathcal{C}}$. Let $B$ be a generic abelian surface having a polarization $M$ with $M^2=k(k+1)$ (for $k>0$ an integer), and let $X={\text{Km}}(B)$. Let ${\mathcal{C}}=A_1+\cdots+A_{16}$ be the natural Nikulin configuration on $X=\text{Km}(B)$. The first result is the existence of another Nikulin configuration on $X$. \par Theorem 1. Let $t\in\{1,\cdots,16\}$. There exists a $(-2)$-curve $A^{\prime}_i$ on $\text{Km}(B)$ such that $A_tA_t^{\prime}=4k+2$ and ${\mathcal{C}}_t=A^{\prime}_t+\sum_{j\neq i} A_j$ is another Nikulin configuration. The numerical class of $A_t^{\prime}$ is $2L-(2k+1)A_j$; the class $L_t^{\prime}=(2k+1)L-2k(k+1)A_t$ generates the orthogonal complement of the $16$ curves $A_t^{\prime}$ and $\{A_j|j\neq i\}$; moreover, $L_t^{\prime,2}=L^2$. \par Theorem 2. Suppose $k\geq 2$. There is no automorphism of $X$ sending the Nikulin configuration ${\mathcal{C}}=\sum_{j=1}^{16} A_j$ to the configuration ${\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}=A_t^{\prime} +\sum_{j\neq i} A_j$. \par Theorem 2 gives the first explicit construction of two distinct Kummer structures on a Kummer surface, namely, $X=\text{Km}(B)= \text{Km}(B^{\prime})$, but $B$ and $B^{\prime}$ are not isomorphic. \par Then an infinite order automorphism on the Kummer surface is constructed. \par Finally, given the two Nikulin configurations ${\mathcal{C}}$ and ${\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}$ on a $K3$ surface $X$, a bi-double cover $S\to X$, which is a surface of general type, is constructed, and its properties are studied.