ALUR dual renormings of Banach spaces (Q1766728)

A Banach space \(X\) is {average locally uniformly rotund} (ALUR in short) if every point \(x\) of the unit sphere \(S_X\) is a {very strong extreme point} of the unit ball \(B_X\), a concept defined in terms of the behavior of Bochner integrals of functions \(f:[0,1]\rightarrow B_X\) ``around'' \(x\). It turns out that a point \(x\in S_X\) is very strongly extreme if and only if it is denting if and only if it is simultaneously an extreme point and a point of continuity of \(B_X\) [\textit{B.-L. Lin, P.-K. Lin} and \textit{S. L. Troyanski}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 102, No. 3, 526--528 (1988; Zbl 0649.46015)]. Every locally uniformly rotund Banach space (LUR, in short) is ALUR and every ALUR space can be renormed to be LUR [\textit{S. Troyanski}, Math. Ann. 271, 305--313 (1985; Zbl 0546.46012)]. Not every dual ALUR space admits an equivalent dual LUR equivalent norm (the author provides two examples). In this paper, a characterization of dual Banach spaces \(X\) having an equivalent dual ALUR norm is given in terms of certain countable decompositions of \(X\) in the spirit of [\textit{A. Moltó, J. Orihuela} and \textit{S. Troyanski}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 75, No. 3, 619--640 (1997; Zbl 0909.46011) and \textit{M. Raja}, Mathematika 46, No. 2, 343--358 (1999; Zbl 1031.46022)]. Precisely, the main result reads: {Let \(X\) be a dual Banach space. The following assertions are equivalent: (1) \(X\) admits an equivalent ALUR dual norm. (2) For each \(\varepsilon>0\), there exists a countable decomposition \(X=\bigcup_n X_{n,\varepsilon}\) such that every \(x\in X_{n,\varepsilon}\) is an \(\varepsilon\)-very strong extreme point of \(\overline{\text{conv}}^{w^*}(X_{n,\varepsilon})\). (3) For each \(\varepsilon>0\), there exists a countable decomposition \(X=\bigcup_n X_{n,\varepsilon}\) such that every \(x\in X_{n,\varepsilon}\) is an \(\varepsilon\)-denting point of \(\overline{\text{conv}}^{w^*}(X_{n,\varepsilon})\)}.