Regular systems on Riemann surfaces (Q1874987)

The paper is a survey of results connected with the Riemann-Hilbert problem. It begins by reminding notions connected with the local and global theory of regular (resp. Fuchsian) linear systems on Riemann's sphere and Riemann surfaces in general, i.e., systems of meromorphic linear ordinary differential equations whose solutions have a moderate (i.e., polynomial) growth rate at the poles (resp. with logarithmic poles; Fuchsian systems are a particular case of regular systems). More detailed -- Levelt's decomposition theorem, the Birkhoff-Grothendieck theorem, the definition of the monodromy group, the Riemann-Hilbert (monodromy) problem and Bolibruch's results towards its resolution, and the Riemann-Hilbert boundary problem are presented. Then, he discusses the solvability of the Carleman-Bers-Vekua system in generalized analytic functions and considers the Riemann-Hilbert problem for this system replacing the Wiener-Hopf factorization of a matrix-valued function by the \(\Phi\)-factorization. He considers also the Beltrami equation as a particular case of that system in the context of deformations of complex structures on Riemann surfaces. He also mentions Schlesinger's equation (which gives isomonodromy conditions) and the Riemann-Hilbert problem in several dimensions. Finally, he considers the Riemann-Hilbert problem in the framework of inverse problems in differential Galois theory.