Tensor product surfaces of Euclidean plane curves (Q1895240)

Let \(c_1: \mathbb{R}\to E^2\) and \(c_2: \mathbb{R}\to E^2\) be two Euclidean plane curves; then their tensor product is a surface \(m= c_1\otimes c_2: \mathbb{R}^2\to E^4\). After having recalled some results about surfaces \(M^2\) in \(E^4\), the authors state the following theorems: Theorem 1. The tensor product of two Euclidean plane curves is flat if and only if: (i) the curves are (up to a similarity) two spiral sinusoids, or (ii) two logarithmic spiral curves. Theorem 2. Tensor product surfaces of two Euclidean plane curves with null normal curvature are the product of two spiral sinusoids of the same index, or of two logarithmic spirals, or of a logarithmic spiral and a circle. Theorem 3. The tensor product surface \(c_1\otimes c_2\) of two Euclidean plane curves is a ruled surface if and only if \(c_1\) or \(c_2\) is a straight line. The tensor product immersion \(c_1\otimes c_2\) of two Euclidean plane curves is a minimal surface in \(E^4\) if and only if: (i) \(c_1\) is a straight line through 0; (ii) \(c_2\) is a straight line through 0; or (iii) \(c_1\) is a circle centered at 0 and \(c_1\) is an orthogonal hyperbola centered at 0. Theorem 4. The tensor product \(c_1\otimes c_2\) of two Euclidean plane curves is a non-trivial Chen surface, (i) if \(c_1\) or \(c_2\) is a circle with center 0 and \(c_1\otimes c_2\) is a rotation surface of \textit{G. Vranceanu} [Rev. Roum. Math. Pure Appl. 22, 1337-1342 (1977; Zbl 0375.53004)], (ii) \(c_1\) is a straight line and \(c_2\) a circle through 0; \(c_1\otimes c_2\) is then a ruled Chen surface. Theorem 5. The tensor product immersion \(c_1\otimes c_2\) of two Euclidean plane curves is a pseudo-umbilical surface if and only if \(c_1\) is a circle with center 0 and \(c_2\) a logarithmic spiral.