Positivity for Kac polynomials and DT-invariants of quivers. (Q1955952)

With each quiver and each dimension vector there is a polynomial in \(q\) which counts the number of absolutely indecomposable representations of this quiver with this dimension vector over a finite field with \(q\) elements. This polynomial was introduced by Victor Kac and is called Kac polynomial. The main result of this paper asserts that this polynomial has non-negative coefficients which was originally conjectured by Kac. To prove this conjecture the authors give a cohomological interpretation of coefficients of Kac polynomial. They also give a cohomological interpretation of refined Donaldson-Thomas invariants of quivers. In more details, the authors compute, via an arithmetic Fourier transform, the dimensions of the isotypic components of the cohomology of Nakajima quiver varieties under the action of the Weyl group.