Quasi-Frobenius modules (Q1972387)

Let \(R\) and \(S\) be rings with identity. Following \textit{G. Azumaya} [Am. J. Math. 81, 249-278 (1959; Zbl 0088.03304)], an \(R\)-\(S\) bimodule \(M\) is called quasi-Frobenius (briefly, QF) if it is faithful as both a left \(R\)-module and a right \(S\)-module and \(\text{Hom}_R(P,M)\) (respectively, \(\text{Hom}_S(Q,M)\)) is either zero or a simple \(S\)-module (respectively zero or a simple \(R\)-module) for each simple \(R\)-module \(P\) (respectively \(S\)-module \(Q\)). The \(R\)-module \(M\) is called QF if it is QF as an \(R\)-\(R\)-bimodule. This paper studies properties of such modules in the case when \(R\) is commutative and either \(S=R\) or \(S=\text{End}_R(M)\) and here we mention a sample of the results. For example, it is shown that a faithful \(R\)-module \(M\) is QF if and only if \(\text{ann}_M(\text{ann}_R(U))=U\) for each simple \(R\)-submodule \(U\) of \(M\). An \(R\)-module \(M\) is called a multiplication module if, for each submodule \(N\) of \(M\), there is an ideal \(I\) of \(R\) such that \(N=IM\) (see, for example \textit{Z. A. El-Bast} and \textit{P. F. Smith} [Commun. Algebra 16, No.~4, 755-779 (1988; Zbl 0642.13002)]). The authors show that a finitely generated faithful multiplication \(R\)-module is QF iff \(\text{ann}_R(\text{ann}_R(I))=I\) for each simple ideal \(I\) of \(R\). It is also shown that if \(M\) is a multiplication QF \(R\)-module then \(M\) is QF as an \(R\)-\(S\)-bimodule where \(S=\text{End}_R(M)\).