Darboux first integrals and linearizability of quadratic-quintic Duffing-van der Pol oscillators (Q2032672)

In this work, the authors study the following family of Liénard equations: \[ u_{tt}+(\alpha_{2}u^{2}+\alpha_{1}u+\alpha_{0})u_{t}+\beta_{5}u^{5}+\beta_{4}u^{4}+\beta_{3}u^{3}+\beta_{2}u^{2}+\beta_{1}u+\beta_{0}=0, \] where all the parameters are from the complex field \( \mathcal{C} \) and \( \alpha_{2}\beta_{5}\neq 0. \) With the help of suitable scalings and shifts, one can assume that \( \alpha_{2}=1 \) and \( \alpha_{1}=0. \) Then the above equation takes the form \[ u_{tt}+(u^{2}+\alpha_{0})u_{t}+\beta_{5}u^{5}+\beta_{4}u^{4}+\beta_{3}u^{3}+\beta_{2}u^{2}+\beta_{1}u+\beta_{0}=0. \tag{*} \] In this work, the authors apply two approaches to study the integrability problem of (*). First, they consider linearizability of Eqs.(*) via nonlocal transformations. Then the Darboux theory of integrability is applied to find two completely integrable cases which correspond to certain correlations on the parameters of (*). Further, they have shown that the equations (*) admit Darboux first integrals if and only if correlations are satisfied. Thus they provide a classification of the equations (*) with Darboux first integrals. For the Darboux integrable case, they find a Jacobi last multiplier which allows them to show that there are no limit cycles. Numerical computations show that there exist periodic trajectories surrounding centres.