Exponents of Diophantine approximation in dimension 2 for a general class of numbers (Q2121977)

Let \(\xi\) be a real number. Let \(\lambda_2(\xi)\) be the simultaneous rational approximation to \(\xi\) and \(\xi^2\). The author defines the dual exponent \(\omega_2(\xi)\), the exponent \(\omega_2^*(\xi)\) as an approximation of \(\xi\) by algebraic numbers of degree at most \(2\) and the corresponding uniform exponents \(\hat\lambda_2(\xi)\), \(\hat\omega_2(\xi)\), \(\hat\omega_2^*(\xi)\). He also define the exponent \(\hat\lambda_{\min}(\xi)\). Let \(s=\{ s_k\}_{k\geq 1}\) be a sequence of positive integers. Set \(\sigma =\sigma(s)=\liminf_{k\to\infty} \frac 1{[s_{k+1};s_k,\dots ,s_1]}\). The author defines the sets \(\mathrm{Sturm} (s)\) and \(\mathrm{Sturm}=\cup_s \mathrm{Sturm}(s)\). Then the author proves that there is a function \(\delta :\mathrm{Sturm}(s)\to [\frac \sigma{1+\sigma}]\) whose image is dense subset of \([0,\frac \sigma{1+\sigma}]\) with the following property. For every \(\xi\in \mathrm{Sturm}(s)\) writing \(\delta :=\delta(s)\), we have \[\hat\omega_2(\xi)=\hat\omega_2^*(\xi)=1+(1-\delta)(1+\sigma), \qquad \hat\lambda_2(\xi)=\frac {(1-\delta)(1+\sigma)}{1+(1-\delta)(1+\sigma)}\] \[\omega_2(\xi)=\omega_2^*(\xi)=\frac{2-\delta}\sigma +1-\delta, \qquad 1-\delta \leq\lambda_2(\xi)\leq \max (1-\delta,\frac 1{1-\delta+\sigma}).\] If moreover \(\delta <\frac \sigma 2+1-\sqrt{(\frac \sigma 2)^2+1}\) then \[\lambda_2(\xi)=1-\delta, \qquad \hat\lambda_{\mathrm{min}}(\xi)=\frac{(1-\delta)(1+\sigma)}{2+\sigma}.\] As a consequence he proves, for example, that the spectrum of \(\hat\omega_2^*\) contains a dense subset of the interval \([2,(\frac{1+\sqrt 5}2)^2]\).