Numerical range and quasi-sectorial contractions (Q2268064)

Let \(W(A)\) be the numerical range of an (unbounded) linear operator \(A\) in separable Hilbert space \(H\) and \({\mathcal L}(H)\) be the set of all bounded linear operators on \(H\). The basis classes of operators considered by the authors includes (for \(\alpha \in [0,\pi/2))\): {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(m-\alpha\)-sectorial operators \(A\): \(W(A)\subseteq \{ z\in\mathbb C: |\arg z|\leq\alpha\}\) (\(\subseteq \{ z\in\mathbb C: \operatorname{Re} z\geq 0\} \)), \(A\) has no accretive extensions in \(H\); \item[(2)] quasi-sectorial contractions \(C\) : \(W(C)\subseteq \{ z\in\mathbb C:|z|\leq\sin\alpha\}\cup\{ z\in\mathbb C:|\arg(1-z)|\leq\alpha \) and \( |z-1|\leq\cos\alpha \}\) [see \textit{V.\,Cachia} and \textit{V.\,A.\thinspace Zagrebnov}, J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 180, 176--194 (2001; Zbl 0981.47015)]; \item[(3)] the set \(C_{H}(\alpha):= \{ T\in{\mathcal L}(H): \|T \sin\alpha \pm iI\cos\alpha \|\leq1 \}\) [see \textit{Yu.\,M.\,Arlinskii}, Ukr.\ Math.\ J.\ 39, No.\,6, 560--564 (1987); translation from Ukr.\ Mat.\ Zh.\ 39, No.\,6, 691--696 (1987; Zbl 0665.47008)]. \end{itemize}} The authors give the characterization of the \(m-\alpha\)-sectorial generator \(A\) in terms of the corresponding contraction semigroup \(\{\exp(-tA)\}_{t\geq0}\) by the following three equivalent conditions: \(W(\exp(-tA))\subseteq \{z \in\mathbb C: |z \sin\alpha\pm i\cos\alpha|\leq1 \}\); \(W(\exp(-tA))\subseteq \{z \in\mathbb C: |\arg(1-z)|\leq\alpha \}\); \(\exp(-tA) \in C_{H}(\alpha)\). Besides, they prove that, for such \(A\), the family \(\{ \exp(-tA)\} _{t\geq0}\) is a quasi-sectorial contraction semigroup. At last, they give for this class of semigroups a new proof of the Euler approximation: \(\exp(-tA)=\lim_{n\to\infty}(I+tA/n)^{n}\), \(t\geq0\), with the optimal estimate \(O(1/n)\) of the convergence rate, which takes into account the value of the sectorial generator angle \(\alpha\).