Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated to Hermite operators (Q2342175)

Let \(\mathcal S(\mathbb R^n)\) and \(\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)\) be the space of Schwartz functions and the space of tempered distributions on \(\mathbb R^n\), respectively. The Hermite operator on \(\mathbb R^n\) is defined by \(H:=-\Delta+|x|^2\). For any \(k\in\mathbb N\), define the operator \((t\sqrt H)^ke^{-t\sqrt H}\) by setting, for all \(f\in\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)\) and \(x\in\mathbb R^n\), \[ \left(t\sqrt H\right)^ke^{-t\sqrt H}f(x):=\langle f, p_{t,k}(x,\cdot)\rangle, \] where \(p_{t,k}(\cdot,\cdot)\) denotes the heat kernel of \((t\sqrt H)^ke^{-t\sqrt H}\), which, in the paper under review, is proved to satisfy that, for any \(x\in\mathbb R^n\), \(p_{t,k}(x,\cdot)\in \mathcal S(\mathbb R^n)\). In this paper, the authors first introduce the homogeneous Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin type spaces via the semi-group as follows: Let \(\alpha\in\mathbb R\), \(0<p,\,q\leq \infty\), \(m\in\mathbb N\) and \(m>n+\max\{\alpha,0\}+\lfloor n(\frac1{r_0}-1)+1\rfloor\), where \(r_0:=\min\{1,p,q\}\). Then the homogeneous Besov space \(\dot B_{p,q}^{\alpha,H,m}(\mathbb R^n)\) is defined to be the set of all \(f\in\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)\) such that \[ \|f\|_{\dot B_{p,q}^{\alpha,H,m}(\mathbb R^n)} :=\left\{\int_0^\infty\left[t^{-\alpha}\left\|(t\sqrt H)^me^{-t\sqrt H}f\right\| _{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\right]^q\,\frac{dt}t\right\}^{\frac1q}<\infty, \] and the homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin spaces \(\dot F_{p,q}^{\alpha,H,m}(\mathbb R^n)\) (\(0<p<\infty\)) is defined to be the set of all \(f\in\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)\) such that \[ \|f\|_{\dot F_{p,q}^{\alpha,H,m}(\mathbb R^n)} :=\left\|\left\{\int_0^\infty \left|t^{-\alpha}(t\sqrt H)^me^{-t\sqrt H}f\right|^q\,\frac{dt}t \right\}^{\frac1q}\right\| _{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}<\infty. \] The authors then prove that these spaces are independent of the choice of \(m\) when \(m\) is large enough and establish their molecular characterizations via the homogeneous Calderón reproducing formula obtained in the paper under review. Similarly, the inhomogeneous Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin type spaces are also studied in this paper. As applications, the authors show the boundedness of negative powers and spectral multipliers of the Hermite operators on some appropriate Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces.