Topological properties of semigroup primes of a commutative ring (Q2402905)

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring, and let \(\mathrm{Spec}(R)\) be the prime spectrum of \(R\). Let \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) be the set of subsets of \(\mathrm{Spec}(R)\) closed under the inverse topology on \(\mathrm{Spec}(R)\). On \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) one can define a Zarisky topology, and with this topology it becomes a spectral space, that is, a topological space homeomorphic to the prime spectrum of a commutative ring. For \(D\) a domain with quotient field \(K\), the set \(\mathrm{Overr}(D)\) of overrings of \(D\) can be endowed with a topology whose basic open sets are of the form \(\mathrm{Overr}(D[A])\) with \(A\) a finite subset of \(K\). With this topology, \(\mathrm{Overr}(D)\) is a spectral space. A semigroup prime of a ring \(R\) is a prime ideal of the monoid \((R,\cdot)\). The set of semigroup primes of \(R\) is denoted by \(\mathcal{S}(R)\), and it can be endowed with the hull kernel topology. With this topology, \(\mathcal{S}(R)\) is also a spectral space. This manuscript is devoted to compare this topological space with other known spectral spaces associated to \(R\). The authors show that the inclusion \(\mathrm{Spec}(R) \hookrightarrow \mathcal{S}(R)\) is a spectral map, and that \(R\mapsto \mathcal{S}(R)\) is a contravariant functor. They also prove that \(\mathcal{S}(R)\) is a spectral retract of \(\mathcal{X}(R)\), and they characterize when these two spaces are homeomorphic. This characterization is given in terms of radicals, and for Noetherian rings there is such an homeomorphism if every prime ideal is the radical of a principal ideal. For Bézout domains, the authors show that \(\mathcal{S}(R)\) is canonically homeomorphic to \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) and \(\mathrm{Overr}(R)\). And if \(R\) is a Dedekind domain, then \(\mathcal{S}(R)\) is canonically homeomorphic to \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) if and only if the ideal class group of \(R\) is torsion. Other connections between the topological spaces \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) and \(\mathrm{Overr}(D)\) (\(D\) a domain) with the set of finite type semistar operations and spectral semistar operations are provided; an homeomorphism between them is given for the special case of Prüfer domains. The authors also relate the space \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) to \(\mathcal{S}(R(T))\), with \(R(T)\) the Nagata ring of \(R\) on the indeterminate \(T\). A canonical embedding \(\mathcal{X}(R) \hookrightarrow \mathcal{S}(R(T))\) is provided, making \(\mathcal{X}(R)\) a spectral retract of \(\mathcal{S}(R(T))\). In order to ease the reading of the many interactions between the topological spaces introduced, the authors provide a gentle recall of all the definitions needed and several examples.