Proper actions of high-dimensional groups on complex manifolds (Q2466436)

Let \(M\) be an \(n\)-dimensional connected complex manifold, \(n\geq 2\), and \(G\) a connected Lie group operating effectively and properly on \(M\) as a group of holomorphic transformations. The action of the compact isotropy group \(G_p\) of \(p\in M\) can be linearized in a neighborhood of \(p\) and considered as a subgroup of \(U(n,\mathbb C)\), hence \(d_G:=\dim G\leq n^2+2n\). For \(d_G=n^2+2n\) the manifold \(M\) is either biholomorphic to \(\mathbb B^n\), \(\mathbb C^n\) or \(\mathbb P^n\) and \(G\) is isomorphic either to the full automorphism group Aut \(\mathbb B^n\) of \(\mathbb B^n\) or to a maximal compact subgroup \(K(\mathbb P^n)\) of Aut \(\mathbb P^n\) or to a group \(G(\mathbb C^n)\) of motions of \(\mathbb C^n\) of the form \(z\mapsto Uz+b\), \(U\in U(n,\mathbb C)\), \(b\in\mathbb C^n\). Moreover, \(M\) is \(G\)-homogeneous for \(d_G>n^2\), see \textit{W. Kaup} [Invent. Math. 3, 43--70 (1967; Zbl 0157.13401)]. The author considers the situation where \(n^2+2\leq d_G< n^2+2n\). If \(d_G>n^2+2\), then \(G_p\) operates transitively on the real directions in the complex tangent space at \(p\). It is known that this can only happen for \(M\in {\mathfrak S}_n:=\{\mathbb B^n,\mathbb C^n, \mathbb P^n\}\). The assumption on \(d_G\) excludes \(\mathbb P^n\) and \(\mathbb B^n\) and the author shows by explicit calculations in the Lie algebra of the \(G\)-induced vector fields on \(\mathbb C^n\) that \(G\simeq G_p\ltimes\mathbb C^n\subset U_n\ltimes\mathbb C^n\), operating on \(\mathbb C^n\) in a standard way as above. It follows that \(G_p= \text{SU}(n,\mathbb C)\) or that \(n=4\) and \(G=e^{i\mathbb R} \text{Sp}_2\ltimes\mathbb C^4\). The calculations could have been significantly shortened by applying structure theorems from the theory of transformation groups on complex manifolds [cf., e.g., \textit{A. Huckleberry} and \textit{E. Oeljeklaus}, ``Classification theorems for almost homogeneous spaces'', Nancy: Université de Nancy I, Institut Elie Cartan (1984; Zbl 0549.32024)]. The author solves the case \(d_G=n^2+2\) by essentially the same methods. Now the manifold \(M\) and the group \(G\) either split into direct products \(M\simeq M_1\times M_{n-1}\), \(G\simeq G_1\times G_{n-1}\), where \(G_i\) operates on \(M_i\in{\mathfrak S}_i\) and \(G_i\in\{\text{Aut }\mathbb B^i, K(\mathbb P^i), G(\mathbb C^i)\}\).