Spherical Hausdorff measure of submanifolds in Heisenberg groups (Q2467902)

Let \(\mathbb{H}^{2n+1}\) denote the Heisenberg Lie group of dimension \(2n+1\). The distance associated to its horizontal subbundle \(H\mathbb{H}^{2n+1}\) is the Carnot-Carathéory distance which is homogeneous. Fix this distance and consider the Hausdorff dimension of sets and Hausdorff measure with respect to this distance. It was proved that the Hausdorff dimension of a \(C^1\) submanifold of \(\mathbb{H}^{2n+1}\) is \(2n+1\), whereas its topological dimension is \(2n\). The question is if this difference can be preserved for submanifolds of codimension higher than one. Examples of submanifolds where the Hausdorff dimension and the topological dimension coincide are known. The author shows that the equality breaks when there is \`\` large\'\'\ set of points where the tangent space of the submanifold is not contained in the corresponding horizontal space; these points are called \textit{transverse}. Non tranverse points are called \textit{characteristic}. An important tool in this framework are \(p\)-vectors. For instance transverse points are characterized in terms of vertical tangent p-vectors and they are also useful in studying spherical Hausdorff measure of submanifolds.