Categorical webs and \(S\)-duality in 4d \({\mathcal {N}} = 2\) QFT (Q2415346)

This very exhaustive and self-contained review on in total 100 pages deals with the BPS sector of \(4d\) \(\mathcal{N}=2\) supersymmetric Quantum Field Theories which are relevant to certain classes of string theory. This updated view clarifies open issues and dervies new results. Its goal ois easily detect dualities by triangulated categories. Such categories are outlined in the introduction and derived from a Ginzburg algebra and its bounded derived category. The cluster category describes BPS UV line operators and has multiplicative quantum numbers determined by the topology of the gauge group. Furthermore the perfect derived category describing all possible BPS IR objects. Self dualities relate such BPS objects to other BPS objects, from the IR to the UV. In Section 2, the mathematical background is wrapped up with a long list of relevant definitions, quiver mutations with a theorem, and the Ginzburg DG algebra. Furthermore, Grothendieck groups, periodic subcategories and stability conditions. The physical preliminaries are given in Section 3 with an IR view and excursion to the string landscape, UV line operators and 't Hooft groups and a short explanation of t' Hooft theory. The physical meaning of the three categories is discussed in Section 4 with a special focus on stable objects, physical charges and the Grothendieck group. Finally, in Section 5 cluster automorphisms and \(S\) dualities are discussed leading to a computer algorithm for the determination of the \(S\)-duality group in Section 6. Some examples of class \(\mathcal{S}\) QFTs, cluster characters and line operators are given in Sections 8 and 9. The three appendices provide some Mathematica code for the presented work.