Singular localization for quantum groups at generic \(q\) (Q2450803)

This article is part of a project on localization and representation theory of quantum groups. It is based on, and requires the localization theorem of \textit{A. Beilinson} and \textit{J. Bernstein} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 292, 15--18 (1981; Zbl 0476.14019)] stating that for \(\mathfrak g\) a complex semisimple Lie algebra, \(\mathfrak h\) a Cartan subalgebra and \(\mathcal B\) the flag manifold of \(\mathfrak g\), for \(\lambda\in\mathfrak h^\ast\) regular dominant and \(I_\lambda\) the corresponding maximal ideal in the center of \(U(\mathfrak g)\), \(D^\lambda_{\mathcal B}\) the sheaf of \(\lambda\)-twisted differential operators on \(\mathcal B\), we have \(\Gamma(D^\lambda_{\mathcal B})\cong U(\mathfrak g)^\lambda:=U(\mathfrak g)/(I_\lambda)\) and \(\Gamma:\text{Mod}(D^\lambda_{\mathcal B})\rightarrow\text{Mod}(U(\mathfrak g)^\lambda))\) is an equivalence of categories. The next required step was given by Bezrukavnikov, Mirković, and Rumynin [\textit{R. Bezrukavnikov} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 167, No. 3, 945--991 (2008; Zbl 1220.17009)], as they made Beilinson-Bernstein localization in finite characteristic at both a regular and a singular central character at the level of derived categories using the techniques of Azumaya algebras. The authors have followed up this work by doing such localization for a quantum group \(U_q=U_q(\mathfrak g)\) at a generic \(q\in\mathbb C^\ast\), and at a root of unity. They also did localization for the complex enveloping algebra case at a singular central character. The present article develops singular localization for \(U_q\) at a generic \(q\): Assuming that \(\mathfrak g\) is reductive and \(G\) a reductive group such that \(\mathrm{Lie} G=\mathfrak g\), let \(P\subseteq G\) be a parabolic subgroup and let \(\mathcal P=G/P\) be the corresponding parabolic flag manifold. \(\mathcal P\) is quantized by observing that the category \(\text{Mod}(\mathcal O_\mathcal P)\) of quasi-coherent sheaves on \(\mathcal P\) is equivalent to the category \(\text{Mod}(\mathcal O(G),P)\) of \(P\)-equivariant \(\mathcal O(G)\)-modules because \(G\) is affine. Then, as an algebraic \(P\)-action is equivalent with a \(\mathcal O(P)\)-coaction, the latter category admits a quantization: Let \(\mathcal O_q=\mathcal O_q(G)\) and \(\mathcal O_q(P)\) be the quantized Hopf algebras of functions on \(G\) and \(P\), and let \(\text{Mod}(\mathcal O_q,P_q)\) be the category whose objects are \(\mathcal O_q\)-modules and \(\mathcal O_q(P)\)-comodules (with some identification). Thinking of a space as equivalent to its category of sheaves, \(\text{Mod}(\mathcal O_q, P_q))\) is called a quantization \(\mathcal P_q\) of \(\mathcal P\). This also makes possible the authors quantum counterpart to Serre's description of projective varieties. Fixing a weight \(\lambda\) and choosing a \(P\) such that the singular roots of \(\lambda\) are contained in the \(P\)-parabolic roots, it is possible to consider a sheaf \(\mathcal D^\lambda_\mathcal P\) of certain extended differential operators in characteristic \(p\) on \(\mathcal P\), locally looking like \(\mathcal D_\mathcal P\) tensored with the primitive quotient determined by \(\lambda\) of the enveloping algebra of the Levi factor \(\mathfrak l\) of \(\mathfrak p:=\mathrm{Lie} P\). The authors look at the same sheaf in characteristic \(0\). Working with ad-finite, in fact ad-integrable, versions of \(U_q\), which is a different ad-finite version \(U_q^{\mathfrak l\text{-int}}\subseteq U_q\) for each parabolic, the authors quantize the category \(\text{Mod}(\mathcal D^\lambda_{\mathcal P}).\) Global sections of the object \(\mathcal D_q^{\mathfrak l\text{-int}}\) representing global sections is computed as one of the main results of the article, and this is valid for all \(q\). Another main result valid for all \(q\), is the parabolic triangular decomposition deduced from the Majid-Radford theorem. These two results together give a proof of a version of Beilinson-Bernstein localization, valid for all \(q\). Tanisaki has a different approach to quantum localization in the regular case. Quantum flag varieties are defined as noncommutative projective varieties using graded algebras. The authors prove that earlier results on the level of quasi-coherent sheaves are equivalent to their approach, and this can be extended to \(\mathcal D\)-modules to some extent. The equivariant approach is more geometric because the quantum spaces are viewed as quotient spaces which reduces the problems into questions on the representation theory of quantum groups. Planned work by the authors include singular localization at a root of the unity, and then the presented results are needed. Also, singular localizations can be used to describe translation functors, singular blocks in the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category \(\mathcal O\), Harish-Chandra (bi)modules and Whittaker modules in the enveloping algebra case of the generic quantum group. The article includes some preliminaries on quantum groups, a thorough description of the parabolic quantum flag manifold, a definition of quantum \(\mathcal D\)-modules on \(\mathcal P_q\), all leading to the treatment of singular localization. The article is not at all self contained, and it would probably be a great challenge to jump into it without consulting the recommended ground material. However, with that material given, the results gives a required part of the theory of singular localization.