Timelike hypersurfaces in the standard Lorentzian space forms satisfying \({L_kx=ax+b}\) (Q2454131)

The authors study connected orientable time-like hypersurfaces isometrically immersed by \(x: M^{n}_{1}\longrightarrow \overline{M}_{1}^{n+1}(c)\) into the de Sitter space \(\mathbb{S}^{n+1}\) (when \(c=1\)) or anti-de-Sitter space \(\mathbb{H}_{1}^{n+1}\) (when \(c=-1\)) satisfying the condition \(L_{k} x = A x + b\), where the second-order differential operator \(L_{k}\) is the linearized operator associated with the first normal variation of the \((k+1)\)-th mean curvature of \(M\) for an integer \(k\), \(0\leq k<n\), \(A\) is a matrix and \(b\) is a vector. Let \(x: M^{n}_{1}\longrightarrow \overline{M}_{1}^{n+1}(c)\subset \mathbb{R}_{t}^{n+2}\) (\(n\leq 3\), \(c=\pm 1\), \(t= (3-c)/2\)) be a connected orientable time-like hypersurface in the non-flat Standard Lorentzian space form \(\overline{M}_{1}^{n+1}(c)\) satisfying \(L_{k} x = A x + b\). Assume that the shape operator \(S\) of \(M\) is non-diagonalizable. They prove that if \(H_{k}\) is constant, so is \(H_{k+1}\), and if \(b=0\), \(H_{k+1}\) is constant. The authors finally give examples to support their results.