Sato-Tate distributions of twists of \(y^2=x^5-x\) and \(y^2=x^6+1\) (Q2509411)

Let \(A\) be an abelian surface defined over a number field \(k\) such that \(A_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}\) is isogenous to \(E_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}^2\) where \(E\) is an elliptic curve defined over \(k\) with complex multiplication by a quadratic imaginary field. Let \(\overline{\mathsf{L}}_{\mathfrak p}(A,T):= {\mathsf{L}}_{\mathfrak p}(A,T/\sqrt q)\) be the normalized Euler factor where \( q =| \mathfrak p|\) is the norm of a prime ideal \(\mathfrak p\) in \(k\), and let \(a_i\) denote its coefficients as follows: \[ \overline{\mathsf{L}}_{\mathfrak p}(A,T)=T^4 + a_1 T^3 + a_2 T^2 + a_1 T + 1. \] In this paper, the authors prove as a main result that \(a_i\) for \(i=1,2\) are equidistributed on the interval \(I_i=[-b_i,b_i]\) where \(b_i=\binom 4i\) with respect to a measure \(\mu(a_i)\) that is uniquely determined by the Galois structure of the endomorphisms of \(A_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}\). This statement is geared toward \textit{the Sato-Tate Conjecture} where the measure has a different definition. In connection with \textit{the Sato-Tate Conjecture} the authors consider two curves \(y^2=x^5-x\) and \(y^2=x^6+1\) and their \({\mathbb{Q}}\)-twists. For each of the \(41\) possibilities of the Galois structure of the endomorphisms of the Jacobians of their twists, they assert that the formulas obtained for \(\mu(a_i)\) coincide with the ones obtained for the unique Haar measures associated with \textit{the Sato-Tate groups} of the Jacobian varieties. Using their main result stated above they assert that \textit{the Sato-Tate Conjecture} holds for the Jacobian varieties of the twists of the two curves. In fact, \textit{C. Johansson} [``On the Sato-Tate conjecture for non-generic abelian surfaces'', preprint, \url{arXiv:1307.6478}] published a preprint where he proves that the generalized Sato-Tate conjecture (in its strong form) holds in general for abelian surfaces with potential complex multiplication.