Arithmetic moduli and lifting of Enriques surfaces (Q499883)

This paper considers Enriques surfaces in all characteristic, with emphasis on positive characteristic. A (smooth) Enriques surface is a smooth and proper surface \(X\) of finite type over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\geq 0\) such that \(\omega_X\equiv {\mathcal{O}}_X\) and \(b_2(X)=10\). Enriques surfaces have been classified by \textit{E. Bombieri} and \textit{D. Mumford} [Invent. Math. 35, 197--232 (1976; Zbl 0336.14010)]: An Enriques surface \(X\) is called \textit{classical} if \(h^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)=0\), hence \(\omega_X\not\cong {\mathcal{O}}_X\) and \(\omega_X^2\cong {\mathcal{O}}_X\); \textit{singular} if \(h^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)=1\), hence \(\omega_X\cong {\mathcal{O}}_X\) and \(F\) is bijective on \(H^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)\); \textit{supersingular} if \(h^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)=1\), hence \(\omega_X\cong {\mathcal{O}}_X\) and \(F\) is zero on \(H^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)\). Here \(F\) denotes the absolute Frobenius on \(H^1({\mathcal{O}}_X)\). The first result is the realization (construction) of Enriques surfaces. { Theorem 1}. Let \(\pi : \tilde{X}\to X\) be the \(K3\)(-like) canonical double cover of an Enriques surface \(X\). Then there exists a morphism \(\varphi\) \[ \tilde{X}\to \varphi(\tilde{X})\subseteq {\mathbb{P}^5} \] that is birational onto its image. The image \(\varphi(\tilde{X})\) is a complete intersection of three quadrics. As a consequence of this structure result, one obtains { Corollary 1}. All Enriques surfaces in arbitrary characteristic arise via the Bombieri--Mumford--Reid construction described in the article of Bombieri and Mumford above. Next consider polarized families of Enriques surfaces with special polarizations. { Definition.} A \textit{Cossec--Verra polarization} on an Enriques surface \(X\) is an invertible sheaf \({\mathcal{L}}\) with \({\mathcal{L}}^2=4\) such that every genus-one fibration \(|2E|\) on \(X\) satisfies \(\text{{deg}}\,{\mathcal{L}}|_E\geq 2\). Every Enriques surface has such polarizations. Contracting curves that have zero-intersection with a given Cossec--Verra polarization \({\mathcal{L}}\), one obtains a pair \((X^{\prime}, {\mathcal{L}}^{\prime})\) where \(X^{\prime}\) is an Enriques surface with at worst Du Val singularities and \({\mathcal{L}}^{\prime}\) is an ample Cossec--Verra polarization. { Theorem 2}. Let \(X^{\prime}\) be an Enriques surface over \(k\) with at worst Du Val singularities admitting an ample Cossec--Verra polarization. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] If \(X^{\prime}\) is not supersingular, then it lifts over the Witt ring \(W(k)\). \item [(2)] If \(X^{\prime}\) is supersingular, then it lifts over \(W(k)[\sqrt{2}]\), but not over \(W(k)\). \end{itemize}} As a corollary, one obtains { Corollary 2}. Enriques surfaces lift to characteristic zero. Finally the moduli space \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{ample}}\) whose geometric points correspond to pairs \((X, {\mathcal{L}})\) where \(X\) is an Enriques surface with at worst Du Val singularities and \({\mathcal{L}}\) is an ample Cossec--Verra polarization is studied in detail. { Theorem 3}. The moduli space \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{ample}}\) is a quasi-separated Artin stack of finite type over \({\mathbb{Z}}\). {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] If \(p\neq 2\), the \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{ample}}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} {\mathbb{F}}_p\) is irreducible, unirational, \(10\)-dimensional, smooth over \({\mathbb{F}}_p\), and even a Deligne--Mumford stack. \item [(2)] If \(p=2\), the \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{ample}}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} {\mathbb{F}}_2\) consists of two components \({\mathcal{M}}^{\mu_2}\) and \({\mathcal{M}}^{{\mathbb{Z}}/2{\mathbb{Z}}}\) both of which are irreducible, unirational, smooth, and \(10\)-dimensional Artin stacks over \({\mathbb{F}}_2\). \end{itemize}} More precisely, they intersect transversally along an irreducible, unirational, smooth and \(9\)-dimensional closed substack \({\mathcal{M}}^{\alpha_2}\), where \(\bullet\) \({\mathcal{M}}^{\alpha_2}\) parametrizes supersingular Enriques surfaces, and \(\bullet\) \({\mathcal{M}}^G\setminus{\mathcal{M}}^{\alpha_2}\) parametrizes singular Enriques surfaces \((G=\mu_2)\) and classical Enriques surfaces \((G={\mathbb{Z}}/2{\mathbb{Z}})\), respectively. The moduli spaces \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{smooth}}\) and \({\mathcal{M}}_{\text{Enriques}}\) are also studied. { Proposition}. The moduli space \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{smooth}}\) is a quasi-separated Artin stack of finite tyle over \(\text{Spec}\,{\mathbb{Z}}\). Moreover, \({\mathcal{M}}_{CV,\text{{smooth}}}\otimes_{{\mathbb{Z}}} {\mathbb{Z}}[1/2]\) is a quasi-separated Deligne--Mumford stack.