The dual quasisemigroup and controllability of evolution equations (Q2493012)

The authors consider dual quasisemigroups \(K^*(t, s)\) of strongly continuous Banach space quasisemigroups of operators \(K(t, s)\). It is shown that when the space is reflexive, the dual quasisemigroups are also strongly continuous. The result is applied to the theory of controllability of nonautonomous evolution systems \[ \dot x(t)= A(t)x(t)+ Bu(t),\quad 0\leq t\leq T, \] where \(A(t)\) is the generator of a strongly continuous quasisemigroup \(K(t, s)\). Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for exact and approximate controllability in terms of the dual quasisemigroup \(K^*(t, s)\).