Planar radial spots in a three-component FitzHugh-Nagumo system (Q650103)

This paper deals with existence and stability of stationary radial spot solutions to the rescaled model: \[ \begin{aligned} & U_t = \epsilon^2\Delta U+U-U^3-\epsilon(\alpha V+\beta W+\gamma),\\ &\tau V_t = \Delta V+U-V,\\ &\theta W_t = D^2\Delta W+U-W, \end{aligned} \] where \((x,t)\in\mathbb R^2\times \mathbb R^+\), \(\epsilon>0\) is small, \(D>1, \tau,\theta>0,\) and \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\in \mathbb R\) are parameters. Let \(u^j_*=u^j_*(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\), \(j=0,+,-\), denote the three roots of the cubic polynomial \[ u^3-u+\epsilon((\alpha+\beta)u+\gamma). \] In particular, \(u_*^-=-1+\dfrac{1}{2}\epsilon(\alpha+\beta-\gamma)+O(\epsilon^2).\) Due to the symmetry of the system, without lost of generality, it is sufficient to consider solutions that asymptote on the state \((U,V,W)=(u^-_*,u^-_*,u^-_*)\) as \(|x|\to\infty\). By means of geometric singular perturbations, it is proved that there exists \(\epsilon_o\) such that, for each \(0<\epsilon<\epsilon_o\), there exists a stationary radial spot solution \((U^s,V^s,W^s)(|x|)\) (that depends on \( \epsilon,\alpha,\beta,\gamma\)) with width \(2R=2R_1+O(1)\), where \(R_1(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)>0\) is a simple root of an equation that involves Bessel functions. This spot solution converges to \(u^-_*(1,1,1\)), as \(|x|\to\infty\), and there is a unique value \(R>0\) such that \(U(R)=0.\) Conditions are given, which imply the spectral stability of this spot solution with respect to radial and non-radial perturbations. Possible extensions are mentioned.