Several explicit formulae of Cauchy polynomials in terms of \(r\)-Stirling numbers (Q519975)

The Cauchy polynomials of the first kind \(c_{n} (x)\) are defined by the generating function \[ \frac{t}{(1+t)^x \ln (1+t)} =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}c_n (x)\frac{t^n}{n!}. \] The authors prove the representation \[ c_{n} (r)=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{(-1)^{n-k}}{k+1} {{n+r}\brack {k+r}}_r, \] which is true for any two nonnegative integers \(n\) and \(r\). Here, \({n\brack m}_r\) are the unsigned \(r\)-Stirling numbers of the first kind. A similar representation is given for the Cauchy polynomials of the second kind. The paper also shows some connections of Cauchy polynomials to Bernoulli polynomials and to hyperharmonic numbers.