Some homological characterizations of semigroups and semirings. (Q353561)

Let \(R\) be a semiring. A right \(R\)-semimodule is called p-injective if for any principal right ideal \(I\) and each right \(R\)-homomorphism \(f\) from \(I\) to \(M\), there exists an \(R\)-homomorphism \(g\) from \(R\) to \(M\) which extends \(f\). In 1998, the semirings having only p-injective right \(R\)-semimodules were characterized [\textit{J. Ahsan, M. Shabir} and \textit{H. J. Weinert}, Commun. Algebra 26, No. 7, 2199-2209 (1998; Zbl 0923.16039)]. In the abstract, the authors state that the paper gives some characterizations of semirings all of whose p-injective semimodules are injective and classifies monoids all of whose p-injective acts are injective. We quote exactly the new results: 1. If \(M\) is an \(R\)-semimodule with an injective hull \(E\), then \(M\) is injective if and only if \(M\) is a retract of \(E\), if and only if \(M\) is p-injective and the direct sum of \(E\) and \(M\) is p-quasi-injective. 2. If \(R\) is an additively idempotent semiring, then p-injectivity and p-quasi-injectivity are equivalent. 3. A commutative monoid with zero \(S\) is von Neumann regular if and only if each p-quasi-injective \(S\)-act is injective. This situation is characterized in the paper.