Polynomial algebras and smooth functions in Banach spaces (Q2452461)

Let \(X\) be a real Banach space, let \({\mathcal A}_n(X)\) denote the algebra of polynomials on \(X\) which is generated by all continuous polynomials of degree not exceeding \(n\) and let \({\mathcal P}(^mX;\ell_1)\) be the space of all continuous \(m\)-homogeneous polynomials from \(X\) into \(\ell_1\). The main result of this paper states that, if \(m\) is the minimal integer such that there is a non-compact \(P\in {\mathcal P}(^mX;\ell_1)\), then \(n\geq m\) implies that there is a continuous \(n\)-homogeneous polynomial on \(X\) that does not belong to the uniform closure \(\overline{{\mathcal A}_{n-1}(X)}\) of \({\mathcal A}_{n-1}(X)\). This result contains previously known results related to the following problem, explicitly stated by the authors: let \(X\) be a separable Banach space, is there an \(n\in \mathbb N\) such that \[ \overline{{\mathcal A}_{1}(X)}=\cdots=\overline{{\mathcal A}_{n-1}(X)}\subsetneq \overline{{\mathcal A}_{n}(X)}\subsetneq \overline{{\mathcal A}_{n+1}(X)} \subsetneq \cdots ? \] The paper ends with some results on smooth functions that solve three open problems from the literature: 1. A construction of a non-equivalent \(C^k\)-smooth norm on every Banach space admitting a \(C^k\)-smooth norm. 2. Any real Banach space \(X\) admitting a separating real analytic function whose holomorphic extension is Lipschitz in some strip around \(X\) admits a separating polynomial. 3. A construction of an example of a uniformly differentiable real-valued function \(f\) on the unit ball of a certain Banach space \(X\) such that there exists no uniformly differentiable function \(g\) on \(\lambda B_X\), for any \(\lambda>1\), which coincides with \(f\) in some neighbourhood of the origin.