Propagation of regularity and global hypoellipticity (Q1396326)

This paper deals with semi-local propagation of \(C^\infty\) regularity for an operator \(P\) that is sum of squares of real-valued vector fields on the torus \(\mathbb{T}^{n+1+m}\) plus lower order terms. The authors find out sufficient conditions for the validity of the following type result: If \(u\in D'(\mathbb{T}^{n+1+m})\), \(Pu\in C^\infty(\mathbb{T}^{n+ 1+m})\) and \(u\in C^\infty(U\times \mathbb{T}^m)\) for some open set \(U\subset\mathbb{T}^{n+1}\), then \(u\in C^\infty(\mathbb{T}^{n+1+m})\). Thus, the fulfilment of Hörmander's bracket condition at one point of the torus implies the global hypoellipticity on \(\mathbb{T}^{n+1+m}\) of the operator under consideration. In general, the operator \(P\) is not globally hypoelliptic.