Canonical fixed parts of fibred algebraic surfaces (Q973689)

Let \(S\) be a nonsingular projective surface and \(f: S \rightarrow C\) a surjective morphism of \(S\) onto a nonsingular projective curve \(C\) with connected fibres. We call \(f\) a relatively minimal fibration of genus \(g\) if a general fibre is a nonsingular projective curve of genus \(g\) and there are no \((-1)\)-curves contained in the fibres. We assume \(g \geq 2\). Let \(F\) be a fibre of \(f\). There is a positive integer \(m\) and a 1-connected curve \(D\) such that \(F=mD\). When \(m\) is strictly greater than 1, \(F\) is called a multiple fibre. In the paper under review, which is an extension of a previous work by the same author [Asian J. Math. 12, 449--464, (2008; Zbl 1072.14044], the fixed part of the canonical linear system \(|K_F|\) is studied to establish whether there is a birational morphism \(S \rightarrow S'\), given by a sequence of blow-ups, contracting the above fixed part into points on the normal surface \(S'\). The contractibilty of curves on algebraic surfaces is a classical problem. For more information cf. \textit{D. Mumford} [Publ. Math. I.H.E.S., No. 9, 5--22 (1961; Zbl 0108.16801]; \textit{H. Grauert} [Math. Ann. 146, 331--368 (1962; Zbl 0173.33004]; \textit{M. Artin} [Am. J. Math. \textbf{84}, 485--496 (1962; Zbl 0105.14404)]. Returning to the present work, let us denote by \(Bs|K_F|\) the 1-dimensional divisors of \(F\) and the isolated points given by \(\{ P \; / \; s(P)=0, \;\forall s \in H^0(F,K_F) \}\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem. Theorem. (1) When \(F\) is a non-multiple fibre, \(Bs|K_F|\) is contracted into either simple points or rational singular points. (2) When \(F\) is a multiple fibre, \(Bs|K_F|\) is contracted into simple points or into rational or weakly elliptic singular points.