Upper bounds and spectrum for approximation exponents for subspaces of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) (Q2684411)

From the abstract: ``Given two subspaces of \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(A\) and \(B\) of respective dimensions \(d\) and \(e\), with \(d+e\leqslant n\), the proximity between \(A\) and \(B\) is measured by \(t = \min(d, e)\) canonical angles \(0 \leqslant \theta_1 \leqslant \cdots \leqslant \theta_t \leqslant \pi/2\); we set \(\psi_j(A,B) = \sin\theta_j\). If \(B\) is a rational subspace, its complexity is measured by its height \(H(B) = \mathrm{covol}(B\cap\mathbb{Z}^n)\). We denote by \(\mu_n(A|e)_j\) the exponent of approximation defined as the upper bound (possibly equal to \(+\infty\)) of the set of \(\beta > 0\) such that for infinitely many rational subspaces \(B\) of dimension \(e\), the inequality \(\psi_j(A, B) \leqslant H(B)^{-\beta}\) holds. We are interested in the minimal value \(\mathring{\mu}_n(d|e)_j\) taken by \(\mu_n(A|e)_j\) when \(A\) ranges through the set of subspaces of dimension \(d\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that for all rational subspaces \(B\) of dimension \(e\) one has \(\dim(A\cap B) < j\). We show that if \(A\) is included in a rational subspace \(F\) of dimension \(k\), its exponent in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is the same as its exponent in \(\mathbb{R}^k\) via a rational isomorphism \(F\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^k\). This allows us to deduce new upper bounds for \(\mathring{\mu}_n(d|e)_j\). We also study the values taken by \(\mu_n(A|e)_e\) when \(A\) is a subspace of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) satisfying \(\dim(A\cap B) < e\) for all rational subspaces \(B\) of dimension \(e\).''