Weighted norm inequalities for convolution operators and links with the Weiss conjecture (Q816567)

Let \(h\) be a positive function on \([0,1]\) and \(M\) be the \((L^q(\mu), L^p(w))\)-norm of the convolution operator with kernel \(h\), where \(w\) (resp. \(\mu\)) is a function (resp. a measure) on \(\mathbb R\). In this paper the author gives weight characterizations for the boundedness: For each \(n\in\mathbb Z\) and \(0\leq s<1\) we define \(w_n(s)=w(s+n)\) and \(\mu_n(s)=\mu(s+n)\), and let \[ A_n=\sup\{\| h*u\| _{L^q(\mu_n)}:\| u\| _{L^p(w_n)}\leq1\},\quad B_n=\sup\{\| {\widetilde h}*u\| _{L^q(\widetilde{\mu}_n)}: \| u\| _{L^p({\widetilde w}_{n-1})}\leq1\}, \] where \(\widetilde h\), \(\widetilde\mu_n\), \(\widetilde w_{n-1}\) are reflections defined by changing the variable \(s\) by \(1-s\). Then, if \(1\leq q<p<\infty\), it follows that \[ \max(\| (A_n)\| _{pq/(q-p)},\| (B_n)\| _{pq/(p-q)}) \leq M\leq2\max(\| (A_n)\| _{pq/(q-p)},\| (B_n)\| _{pq/(p-q)}), \] where \(\| \cdot\| \) is the norm in the sequence space. As an application of this result, letting \(h=\chi(0,1)\) and using the weighted Hardy inequality to estimate \(A_n\) and \(B_n\), he gives a simple direct proof of the known boundedness results for the Steklov operators. Moreover, he considers a relation between convolution operators and the Weiss conjecture for scalar observation operators, and then presents elementary constructions of a nearly bounded semigroup \((T_t)\) not satisfying the conjecture. This counterexample is simpler compared with the bounded counterexample obtained by \textit{B. Jacob} and \textit{H. Zwart} [SIAM J. Control Optimization 43, No. 1, 137--153 (2004; Zbl 1101.93042)]. However, in his method \(\| T_t\| ^2\) is dominated by, for example, \(\phi(t)=1+\varepsilon t\) for any \(\varepsilon>0\), and the case of \(\varepsilon=0\) is excluded.