Local cyclicity in low degree planar piecewise polynomial vector fields (Q2025881)

The study of limit cycles of piecewise differential systems have received special attention nowadays due to that many problems of engineering can be modeled by this class of systems. In this paper, the authors study the number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the origin in a class of piecewise polynomial differential systems where the discontinuity curve is a straight line. They consider a piecewise polynomial vector fields of degree \(n\), and they denote the maximum number of limit cycles bifurcating from a monodromic singular point by the number \(M_p^c(n)\) and \(\mathcal{H}^c_p(n)\). The authors provide the following lower bounds for the local cyclicity of piecewise polynomial vector fields of degrees two, three, four and five, namely \(M_p^c(3)\geq 13\), \(M_p^c(3)\geq 26\), \(M_p^c(4)\geq 40\) and \(M_p^c(5)\geq 58\), respectively. Hence they got the lower bounds \(\mathcal{H}_p(3)\geq 26\) and \(\mathcal{H}_p(4)\geq 56.\) In this paper, the authors studied the limit cycles of small amplitude bifurcating from an equilibrium point of center-focus type. The bifurcation mechanism used is known as degenerate Hopf bifurcation. For this they studied of polynomial perturbations of centers using high-order Taylor series of the Lyapunov constants with respect to the perturbation parameters. For the computations the authors implemented the parallelization mechanism introduced in [the authors, J. Differ. Equations 271, 447--479 (2021; Zbl 1460.34046); \textit{H. Liang} and the second author, J. Differ. Equations 259, No. 11, 6494--6509 (2015; Zbl 1334.34070)].