Generalization of Philippin's results for the first Robin eigenvalue and estimates for eigenvalues of the bi-drifting Laplacian (Q2417928)

The author establishes a number of bounds for the first eigenvalue of the Robin Laplacian and for the first bilaplacian eigenvalue with both Dirichlet and buckling conditions on a compact \(n\)-dimensional weighted Riemannian manifolds \((M,g,\sigma)\) with boundary and non-negative Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature. The manifold \((M,g,\sigma)\) is endowed with a weighted measure \(d\sigma=\sigma dv_g\), where \(\sigma=e^{-f}\) for some smooth real-valued \(f\) and \(dv_g\) is the Riemannian measure associated with \(g\). The Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature \(\mathrm{Ric}_f\) is defined as \(\mathrm{Ric}_f=\mathrm{Ric}+Ddf\), where \(\mathrm{Ric}\) is the Ricci curvature and \(Ddf\) is the Hessian of \(f\). The Robin eigenvalue problem reads \[ \begin{cases} \Delta_fu=\lambda_f(\beta)u\,, & \text{ in }M,\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial\nu}=-\beta u\,, & \text{ on }\partial M \end{cases} \] where \(\beta\) is a non-negative function defined on \(\partial M\) and \(\nu\) is the outward unit normal to \(\partial M\). \(\Delta_f\) is the weighted Laplacian (or drift Laplacian) associated with \(f\). If \(\beta\) is assumed to be a non-negative constant on \(\partial M\), \(\mathrm{Ric}_f\geq 0\) and the second fundamental form \(II\) of \(\partial M\) satisfies \(II-\beta g\geq 0\) on \(\partial M\), the author proves the following lower bound for the first Robin eigenvalue \[ \lambda_{1,f}(\beta)\geq\beta(H_f^m-\beta), \] where \(H_f^m\) is the minimum of the \(f\)-mean curvature over \(\partial\Omega\). If \(\beta\) is a non-negative real function on \(\partial M\), the author proves a comparison result among \(\lambda_{1,f}(\beta)\) and the first positive Neumann eigenvalue of the drift Laplacian \(\mu_{2,f}\). Namely, if \(\mathrm{Ric}_f\geq kg\) for some constant \(k\geq 0\) and \(II-\beta g\geq 0\) then \[ \lambda_{1,f}(\beta)\geq\mu_{2,f}-k. \] These two results generalize those of \textit{G. A. Philippin} [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 29, 306--314 (1978; Zbl 0378.73069)] in the case of two-dimensional Euclidean domains. As for biharmonic eigenvalues, the author proves that if \(\mathrm{Ric}_f\geq kg\) for some \(k\geq 0\), then \[ \Lambda_{1,f}\geq\lambda_{1,f}+k \] and \[ \Gamma_{1,f}\geq\lambda_{1,f}(\lambda_{1,f}+k), \] where \(\Lambda_{1,f},\Gamma_{1,f}\) are the first eigenvalues of the drift bi-Lapalcian (\(\Delta_f^2\)) with buckling and Dirichlet conditions, respectively, and \(\lambda_{1,f}\) is the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the drift Laplacian.