Cohen-Lenstra moments for some nonabelian groups (Q2219650)

For \(\varepsilon\in\{+,-\}\) let \(D^{\varepsilon}(x)\) be the set of quadratic fields with discriminants \(0<d\le x\) if \(\varepsilon=+\), resp. \(0< -d \le x\) if \(\varepsilon=-\), and let \(G\) be a finite group. The author considers the Cohen-Lenstra moments \(E^{\varepsilon}(G)\) defined by \[ E^{\varepsilon}(G) = \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{A^{\epsilon}_G(x)}{N^{\varepsilon}(x)}, \] where \(N^{\varepsilon}(x)\) is the number of fields in \(D^{\varepsilon}(x)\) and \(A^{\varepsilon}_G(x)\) is the number of unramified extensions \(K/k\) of fields \(k\in D^{\varepsilon}(x)\) with Galois group \(G(K/k)=G\) and Galois \(K/Q\). If \(E^{\varepsilon}(G)\) is non-zero, then there is a \(GI\)-extension of \(G\), which is an extension \(G\vartriangleleft G'\) of index \(2\) such that \(G'\) is generated by elements of order two not contained in \(G\) (see [\textit{N. Boston}, J. Algebra 300, No. 1, 73--76 (2006; Zbl 1102.12002)]). It has been conjectured that if \(G\) is an abelian group of odd order, then \[ E^{+}(G)=\frac1{\#G\cdot\#\mathrm{Aut}(G)},\quad E^{-}(G)=\frac1{\#\mathrm{Aut}(G)}, \] and it is known that this conjecture would imply the truth of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics (see [\textit{H. Cohen} and \textit{H. W. Lenstra jun.}, Lect. Notes Math. 1068, 33--62 (1984; Zbl 0558.12002)]) for quadratic fields. Recently \textit{M. M. Wood} [Duke Math. J. 168, No. 3, 377--427 (2019; Zbl 1429.11204)] formulated an extension of this conjecture to the case of finite nonabelian groups \(G\). The author confirms this conjecture in certain particular cases. He shows that \(E^{\varepsilon}(G)=0\) holds for almost all finite \(p\)-groups with odd \(p\) (Corollary 2.6) and for infinitely many affine linear transformation groups \(\{x\mapsto ax+b:\ a,b\in F_q, a^d=1\}\) for any \(d\) (Theorem 3.6). In section \(4\) the results of \textit{F. Lemmermeyer} [J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 9, No. 1, 51--68 (1997; Zbl 0890.11031)] on classification of unramified quaterionic and dihedral extensions of quadratic fields are used to show \(E^{\varepsilon}(G)=\infty\) for \(G=H_8\) and \(D_4\). In the last section a sufficient condition for \(E^{\varepsilon}(G)=\infty\) is given in the case \(G'=G\times C_2\).