Small cancellations over relatively hyperbolic groups and embedding theorems. (Q990172)

Small cancellation theory over hyperbolic groups is generalized to relatively hyperbolic groups. This is used to prove: Theorem 1.1. Any countable group \(G\) can embed into a 2-generated group \(C\) such that any two elements of the same order are conjugate in \(C\) and \(\pi(G)=\pi(C)\). Here \(\pi(G)\) is the set of all finite orders of elements of a group \(G\). Corollary 1.2. Any countable torsion-free group can embed into a torsion-free 2-generated group with exactly 2 conjugacy classes. The existence of a finitely generated group with exactly 2 conjugacy classes other than \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) was open before. Corollary 1.3. There exists an uncountable set of pairwise nonisomorphic torsion-free 2-generated groups with exactly 2 conjugacy classes. Corollary 1.4. For any natural number \(n\geq 2\) there is an uncountable set of pairwise nonisomorphic finitely generated groups with exactly \(n\) conjugacy classes. A `verbally complete group' is a group \(W\) such that for every nontrivial freely reduced word \(w(x_i)\) in the alphabet \(x_1^{\pm 1},x_2^{\pm 1},\dots\) and every \(v\in W\), the equation \(w(x_i)=v\) has a solution in \(W\). Theorem 1.5. Any countable group \(H\) can be embedded into a 2-generated verbally complete group \(W\). If \(H\) is torsion-free then \(W\) can be chosen to be torsion-free. Corollary 1.6. There exists an uncountable set of pairwise nonisomorphic 2-generated verbally complete groups.