Some theorems on generalized Dedekind sums (Q2652083)

Let \(\displaystyle G_p(\tau) = \sum_{n,m=1}^\infty n^{-p} e^{2mn\pi i\tau}\), \(\tau = x+iy\), \(y>0\). Consider the transformation formula \[ G_p(\tau) = (k\tau - h)^{p-1} G_{p-1}(\tau') + [2\pi i/2(p + 1)!] f(h, k, \tau) \tag{*} \] where \[ f(k, h, \tau) = \sum_{r=0}^{p+1} \binom{p+1}{r} (k\tau - h)^{-r+p} c_r(h, k) \] with \((h, k) = 1\), \(\tau' = \frac{h'\tau + k'}{k\tau - h}\), \[ c_r(h, k) = \sum_{\mu\pmod k} \bar B_{p+1-r} \left(\frac{k}{\mu}\right) \bar B_r \left(\frac{h\mu}{k}\right), \] \(\bar B(x)\) denoting the Bernoulli function. (*) is equivalent to a formula of \textit{T. M. Apostol} [Pac. J. Math. 2, 1--9 (1952; Zbl 0047.04502)]. The author obtains a transformation formula connecting \(f(h, k, \tau)\) and \(f(-k, h, -\tau^{-1})\) which enables him to prove identities involving \(c_r(h, k)\). In case \(r=p\), \(c_p(h, k) = \bar s_p(h, k)\) and this identity reduces to a reciprocity formula for the generalized Dedekind sum \(\bar s_p(h, k)\) introduced by Apostol. The author also shows that \(c_r(h, k)\) can be expressed in terms of ``Euler numbers'' \(H_m(\rho)\) defined for \(\rho \ne1\), \(\rho^k = 1\) by \[ \frac{1-\rho}{e^t-\rho} = \sum_{m=0}^\infty H_m(\rho) \frac{t^m}{m!}. \]