Asymptotic behavior of the solutions of third-order differential equations with rapidly varying nonlinearity (Q2107818)

In the article it is considered the following differential equation: \[ y'''=\alpha_0 p(t)\varphi(y), \tag{1} \] where \(\alpha_{0}\in\{-1;1\},\) \(p:[a,\omega[ \to ]0,+\infty[\) \((-\infty<a<\omega \leq +\infty)\) is a continuous function, \(\varphi_0:\Delta_{Y_0} \to ]0,+\infty[\) -- is a twice continuously differentiable on \(\Delta_{Y_0}\) function for which \[ \varphi'_0(y)\neq0 \text{ for } y \in \Delta_{Y_0}, \lim\limits_{\substack{y \rightarrow Y_0\\ y \in \Delta_{Y_0}}}\varphi_0(y)\in\{0,+\infty\},\quad\lim\limits_{\substack{y \rightarrow Y_0\\ y \in\, \Delta_{Y_0}}} \frac{\varphi_0(y)\varphi_0''(y)}{\left(\varphi_0'( y)\right)^2}=1.\tag{2} \] Here \(Y_0\in\{0, \pm \infty \},\) \(\Delta_{Y_0}\) -- is some one-sided neighborhood of the \(Y_0\). From conditions (2) it follows that functions \(\varphi_0\) and its derivatives of the first order are rapidly varying functions as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). For differential equations of the second order with the same right-hand side as in (1), the asymptotic behavior of solutions was investigated previously. The problem of existence and the asymptotics of so-called \(P_\omega(Y_0, \lambda_0)\)-solutions with \(\lambda_0\in R\setminus \{0;1;\frac{1}{2}\}\) was studied for the differential equation (1) in the previous works of the authors. In the second chapter of the present article the authors notes that for \(Y_0=+\infty\) and \(Z_0=+\infty\), the function \(\varphi_0\) and its first-order derivative belong to the class of functions \(\Gamma\) introduced by Hahn (see, for example, [\textit{N. H. Bingham} et al., Regular variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1987; Zbl 0617.26001)]). By the change of variables, the authors have extended the class \(\Gamma\) to a class \(\Gamma_0(Y_0)\) and formulated the properties of functions of such classes. It is clear that the function \(\varphi_0\) and its first-order derivative belong to the class of functions \(\Gamma_0(Y_0)\) as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). The main results are given in the third chapter of the article, in which the authors have established necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of \(P_{\omega}(Y_0,\lambda_0)\)- solutions of equation (1) in a special case where \(\lambda_0=1\), as well as the asymptotic representations of these solutions and their first derivatives as \( t \uparrow \omega \) with using the a priori asymptotic properties of these solutions (see Theorems 3.1--3.2). The solutions of the class of the \(P_{\omega}(Y_0,1)\)-solutions are rapidly varying functions as the argument tends to zero or infinity. This class of \(P_{\omega}(Y_0,1)\)-solutions is the most difficult for research. In my opinion the results presented in the article are very important for the further study of asymptotic representations of solutions of the third and the higher-order differential equations with rapidly varying nonlinearities. The results are new, actual, entirely proved.