Constituents of restricted and induced characters in odd order groups (Q1906658)

Let \(G\) be a finite group and let \(H\) be a subgroup of \(G\). If \(\chi\in\text{Irr}(G)\) (resp. \(\psi\in\text{Irr}(H)\)), then not much can be said in general about the degrees of the irreducible constituents of the restriction \(\chi_H\) (resp. the induced character \(\psi^G\)). Even the assumption that \(G\) is solvable does not seem to be helpful. However, if \(G\) is of odd order, the situation changes completely as the author shows in the paper. In particular he proves Theorem A. Let \(G\) be solvable of odd order and \(H\leq G\). Suppose that \(\chi\) is an irreducible ordinary or Brauer character of \(G\). Then (a) \(\chi_H\) has an irreducible constituent say \(\psi\) with \(\psi(1)\mid\chi(1)\). (b) If \(\chi\) is primitive, \(\psi\) in (a) can be chosen such that \((\chi(1)/\psi(1))\mid|G:H|\). Theorem B. Let \(G\) be solvable of odd order and \(H\leq G\). If \(\psi\) is an irreducible ordinary or Brauer character of \(H\), then \(\psi^G\) has an irreducible constituent say \(\chi\) with \(\chi(1)\mid\psi^G(1)\). Illuminating examples show that the assumption on oddness in both Theorems and the primitivity in A(b) cannot be dropped. To prove Theorem A an analog for permutation representations which needs only the solvability of \(G\) is stated, i.e. Theorem C. Let \(G\) be solvable and acting on a finite set \(\Omega\). If \(H\leq G\), then there exists an \(H\)-orbit on \(\Omega\) whose size divides \(|\Omega|\). Moreover, for each such orbit \(\Omega_0\) we have \((|\Omega|/|\Omega_0|)\mid|G:H|\). Actually, Theorem A and B are stated in a more general version which in particular reduces the Brauer character situation to that of ordinary characters. The key point is the use of the theory of \(\pi\)-partial and \(\pi\)-special characters which has been developed by the author in the past.