Orbifold adjunction formula and symplectic cobordisms between lens spaces (Q1882830)

The author derives the adjunction and intersection formulae for pseudoholomorphic curves in a closed almost complex \(4\)-orbifold, extending the work of \textit{M. Gromov} [Invent. Math. 82, 307-347 (1985; Zbl 0592.53025)] and \textit{D. McDuff} [J. Diff. Geom. 34, 143--164 (1991; Zbl 0736.53038)]. Then the author obtains the main theorem (Theorem 1.1): If \((W, \omega)\) is a symplectic homology cobordism between two lens spaces equipped with the canonical contact structure, \(W\) is diffeomorphic to the product of a lens space with the unit interval. The method in the proof of the theorem is as follows: Let \(p, q\) be relatively prime integers with \(q<p\) and let \(C_{(p,q)}\) denote the symplectic cone over the lens space \(L(p, q)\) which is the symplectic orbifold \((\mathbb C^2, \omega_0)/\mathbb Z_p\) where \(\omega_0=\frac{\sqrt -1}{2}\sum_{i=1}^2dz_i\wedge d\bar z_i\) and \(\mathbb Z_p\) acts by \(\mu_p(z_1, z_2)=(\mu_pz_1, \mu_p^qz_2)\). Let \(d\) be the descendant of the function \(\frac{1}{2}(| z_1| ^2+| z_2| ^2)\) on \(\mathbb C^2\) to \(C_{(p,q)}\) and we denote \(C_{(p, q)}(r)\equiv d^{-1}([0, r])\). For the unit circle \(S^1\), we take the Hamiltonian \(S^1\)-action on \((\mathbb C^2, \omega_0)\), \(s(z_1, z_2)=(sz_1, s^{p+q}z_2)\) for \(s\in S^1\) with the Hamiltonian function \(\mu(| z_1| ^2+(p+q)| z_2| ^2)\). Then we have a corresponding Hamiltonian \(S^1\)-action on \(C_{(p,q)}\) with the Hamiltonian function \(\mu\equiv\frac{1}{p}\mu\). For \(R>0\), let \(X_{(p,q)}(R)\) denote the symplectic \(4\)-orbifold obtained from \((\mu')^{-1}([0, R])\) by collapsing each \(S^1\)-orbit on \((\mu')^{-1}(R)\) to a point, due to \textit{E. Lerman} [Math. Res. Lett. 2, 247-258 (1995; Zbl 0835.53034)]. For any \(R>\frac{1}{p}(p+q)r\), \(C_{(p,q)}(r)\) is a suborbifold of \(X_{(p,q)}(R)\) with the contact boundary \(L(p, q)\) and \(X_{(p,q)}(R)\) contains a distinguished symplectic \(2\)-orbifold \(C_0\equiv(\mu')^{-1}(R)/S^1\). Let \((W, \omega)\) be a symplectic homology cobordism from \(L(p', q')\) to \(L(p, q)\). By glueing \(X_{(p,q)}(R)\setminus C_{(p,q)}(r)\) and \(C_{(p',q')}(r')\) onto the corresponding ends of \(W\), we get a symplectic \(4\)-orbifold \((X, \omega)\). The adjunction and intersection formulae for pseudoholomorphic curves are used to construct a diffeomorphism from \((X, C_0)\) to \((X_{(p,q)}(R), C_0)\).