Hida families and rational points on elliptic curves (Q879937)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\) of conductor \(N= Mp\), with \(p\) a prime not dividing \(M\). Let \(f= \sum_{n\geq 1} a_nq^n\) be the corresponding normalized weight two eigenform on \(\Gamma_0(N)\). Let \(f_k=\sum_{n\geq 1} a_n(k)q^n\) be the weight \(k\) specialisation of a formal \(q\)-expansion \(f_\infty= \sum_{n\geq 1} a_n(k)q^n\), with \(a_n\) belonging to the ring of \(\mathbb{C}_p\)-valued \(p\)-adic analytic functions on a compact open subset of \(\mathbb{Z}/(p- 1)\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}_p\) (Hida theory). In particular, \(f_2= f\). Let \(L_p(f_\infty;k, s)\) denote the Mazur-Kitigawa \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function. We have, in particular,\break \(L_p(f_\infty; k,s)= L_p(f, s)= L_p(E, s)\). If \(E\) has split multiplicative reduction at \(p\), then \(L_p(f, s)\) has so-called `exceptional zero' at \(s= 1\) (see [\textit{B. Mazur}, \textit{J. Tate} and \textit{J. Teitelbaum}, Invent. Math. 84, 1--48 (1986; Zbl 0699.14028)]). The authors study \(L_p(f_\infty; k, s)\) in the presence of such an exceptional zero. Here is the main result of this paper (Theorem 1, Theorem 5.4): Theorem. Suppose that \(E\) has at least two primes of semistable reduction. (i) There exist a global point \(P\in E(\mathbb{Q})\otimes\mathbb{Q}\) and a scalar \(l\in\mathbb{Q}^\times\) such that \[ {d^2\over dk^2} L_p(f_\infty; k,k/2)_{k= 2}= l\cdot\log_E(P)^2. \] (ii) The point \(P\) is of infinite order if and only if \(L'(E, 1)\neq 0\). The proof of this result rests on the study of an auxiliary two-variable \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function \(L_p(f_\infty K; k, s)\) attached to a suitable choice of imaginary quadratic field \(K\) in which \(p\) is inert. A global point \(P\) is constructed as the trace to \(\mathbb{Q}\) of a Heegner point attached to \(K\) arising from an appropriate Shimura curve parametrisation. Part two of Theorem follows from a result of \textit{S.-W. Zhang} [Asian J. Math. 5, No. 2, 183--290 (2001; Zbl 1111.11030)] generalising the original Gross-Zagier formula. Results of this paper suggest a general mechanism for producing rational points on an elliptic curves from values of \(L\)-series.