The equation \(x^{2n}+y^{2n}=z^5\) (Q873832)

Let \(p\), \(q\), \(r\) be positive integers satisfying the inequality \[ {1\over p}+{1\over q}+{1\over r}<1.\tag{1} \] \textit{H. Darmon} and \textit{A. Granville} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 513--543 (1995; Zbl 0838.11023)] have shown that there exist at most finitely many nonzero coprime integers \(x,y,z\) such that \[ x^p+y^q=z^r.\tag{2} \] This generalized Fermat equation has received a great interest since Fermat's Last Theorem has been proved by Wiles (the case \(p=q=r\)). In fact, it is conjectured that if we allow \((p,q,r)\) to vary subject to (1), there are still only finitely many nontrivial solutions to the equation (2). It is a consequence of the \(abc\)-conjecture. Using modular arguments concerning Galois representations of torsion points of elliptic curves, partial results have been proved in this direction. The only infinite families \((p,q,r)\) for which it is known that the equation (2) has no nontrivial solutions are those with \(p=q\) and \(r\in\{ 2,3,p\}\), and those of the shape \((2,4,r)\), \((2,q,4)\) and \((4,q,2)\). In this paper the author obtains another infinite family of \((p,q,r)\) for which (2) has only trivial solutions, the one of the form \((p,q,r)=(2n,2n,5)\). He has used in his proof the parametrization of the equation \(a^2+b^2=c^5\). In case \(n\geq 7\), this leads to consider the equation \(x^n+20y^{4n}=z^2\), which can be treated by similar arguments to those appearing in the study of the equation \(x^n+y^n=z^2\).