Embedded Weingarten tori in \(S^3\) (Q2445859)

The author adapts the techniques he used for proving Lawson's celebrated conjecture on embedded minimal tori in \(S^3\), and studies Weingarten surfaces of genus \(1\) (Weingarten tori) in \(S^3\). Recall that a genus-\(1\) surface \(F : \Sigma \to S^3\) is called a \textit{Weingarten torus} if its principal curvatures \(\lambda_1 \geqslant \lambda_2\) satisfy the relation \(\lambda_1 + \lambda_2 = \psi \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\). The main result of the paper is the following: under some conditions on the function \(\psi\) the embedded Weingarten torus is rotationally symmetric. Here, rotational symmetry means that there is an anti-symmetric matrix \(Q \in \mathrm{so}(4)\) of rank 2 such that \(QF(x) \in \mathrm{span}\{\frac{\partial F}{\partial x_1} (x), \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_2} (x)\}\) for every point \(x = (x_1, x_2) \in \Sigma\). The proof proceeds in several steps, the main of which is an exploration of a carefully chosen two point function and applying to it the maximum principle.