Duality and functionals on \(S\) (Q1337418)

Let \(S\) denote the family of normalized univalent functions on the open unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\). A complex-valued linear functional \(L\) defined on the linear span \(\text{sp}S\) of \(S\), such that \(L\) is continuous on \(S\), is called a continuous linear functional on \(S\), for short: \(L\in S^*\). Examples where given by Duren and Leung. In particular, \(L:\text{sp} S\to \mathbb{C}\), \(L(f): =\int fd\mu\), where \(\mu\) is a finite complex regular Borel measure on \(\mathbb{D}\) such that \(\int_\mathbb{D} {d|\mu |(z) \over(1- |z|)^2} <\infty\), belongs to \(S^*\). Such functionals are said to be of integral type. A wider class of functionals \(L\in S^*\) is given by a sequence \(\lambda_n\) of complex numbers such that \(L(f)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\lambda_n\) for \(f(z)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_nz^n\in \text{sp}S\) and \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} n|\lambda_n |<\infty\). Answering a question by Duren and Leung the authors proves the following Theorem 2: There exists a functional \(L\in S^*\) and a sequence \(\lambda_n\) of complex numbers such that \(L(f)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\lambda_n\) for \(f(z)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_nz^n\) in \(\text{sp}S\), but \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} n|\lambda_n|<\infty\). In particular, \(L\) is not of integral type. To this end the authors prove that the usual topology of \(S\) coincides with the relative topology of \(S\subset {\mathcal F}_\alpha\) for certain integral families \({\mathcal F}_\alpha\), \(\alpha>2\). Thus they are able to exhibit many continuous linear functionals on \(S\).