Concentrated, nearly monotonic, epiperimetric measures in Euclidian space (Q996681)

Let \(S \subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be an \(m\)-dimensional differentiable submanifold, \(0 < m < n\), whose tangent spaces vary Hölder continuously with Hölder exponent \(\alpha\) in \(x \in S\). The paper is devoted to the study of the measure \(\phi:= \mathcal{H}^m|S\). It holds that every \(x_0 \in S\) has a neighborhood \(U\) with the following properties: 1. For every \(x\in \text{supp} \phi\cap U\) and every \(0<r<R\) such that \(B(x,R)\subset U\), one has \[ \left | \frac{\phi(B(x,r))}{\alpha(m)r^m}-\frac{\phi(B(x,R))}{\alpha(m)R^m}\right | \leq CR^{2\alpha} \] for some \(C>0\) (epiperimetry of \(\phi\) near \(x_0\)). 2. For every \(x\in U\) and every \(0<r<R\) such that \(B(x,R)\subset U\), one has \[ \frac{\phi(B(x,r))}{\alpha(m)r^m}-\frac{\phi(B(x,R))}{\alpha(m)R^m} \leq CR^{\alpha} \] for some \(C>0\) (nearly monotonicity near \(x_0\)). 3. Hereby, the normalizing constant \(\alpha(m)\) can be chosen such that \[ \lim_{r\rightarrow 0^+}\frac{\phi(B(x,r))}{\alpha(m)r^m} = 1 \] whenever \(x\in \text{supp} \phi\cap U\) (density \(1\) property near \(x_0\)). The main result of the paper states that -- vice versa -- Hölder continuously differentiable \(m\)-dimensional manifolds are characterized by exactly these conditions. More precisely, if a Radon measure \(\phi\) satisfies the three conditions above in some open set \(U \subset \mathbb{R}^n\), then \(\text{supp} \phi \cap U\) is a Hölder continuously differentiable submanifold of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Note that these three conditions are met by measures \(\phi\) corresponding to solutions of some variational problems including soap films and soap bubbles.