Indecomposability and unconditionality in duality (Q1889808)

\textit{W. T.~Gowers} and \textit{B.~Maurey} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 6, No. 4, 851--874 (1993; Zbl 0827.46008)], constructed the first hereditarily indecomposable (H.I.) Banach space \(X\) (i.e., \(X\) is infinite-dimensional and if \(Y\oplus Z\subset X\) then \(Y\) or \(Z\) must be finite-dimensional). \textit{W. T.~Gowers}'s dichotomy theorem [Geom. Funct. Anal. 6, No. 6, 1083--1093 (1996; Zbl 0868.46007); Ann. Math. (2) 156, No. 3, 797--833 (2002; Zbl 1030.46005)] states that if \(X\) is an infinite-dimensional Banach space, then \(X\) is either US (unconditionally saturated: every infinite-dimensional subspace contains an unconditional basic sequence) or \(X\) contains an H.I.~subspace. The authors construct a separable infinite-dimensional reflexive space \(X\) with \(X\) being US and \(X^*\) being H.I. Remarkably, they also obtain that every quotient of \(X\) admits another quotient which is H.I.\ and every quotient of \(X^*\) admits another quotient which is US. The construction is deep and ingenious.