Differentiability of convolutions, integrated semigroups of bounded semi-variation, and the inhomogeneous Cauchy problem (Q932063)

This paper deals with the convolution \[ y(t) = \int_0^t T(t - \sigma) f(\sigma) \,d\sigma, \tag{1} \] where \(T(\cdot)\) is a strongly continuous family of bounded operators from a Banach space \(X\) into a Banach space \(Y\) and the \(X\)-valued function \(f(\cdot)\) belongs to various function spaces. The semi-variation of \(T(\cdot)\) in the interval \(a \leq t \leq b\) is defined as \[ {\mathbf V}_\infty(T; a, b) = \sup \Bigg \| \sum_{j=1}^n (T(t_j) - T(t_{j-1})) x_j\Bigg \|, \tag{2} \] where the supremum is taken over all partitions \(a = t_0 < t_1 < \dots < t_{n-1} < t_n = b\) and all \(\| x_j\| \leq 1\). The semi-\(p\)-variation \({\mathbf V}_p(T; a, b)\) is defined by the sup (2) taken over all partitions with \(\sum (t_j - t_{j-1})\| x_j\| ^p \leq 1\). Bounded semi-variation means \({\mathbf V}_\infty(T; a, b) < \infty,\) with a corresponding definition for \(p < \infty\). The results deal with smoothness of \(y(\cdot)\) in terms of smoothness of \(f(\cdot);\) one of these results is that \(y(\cdot)\) is continuously differentiable for every \(f(\cdot) \in C(0, b; X)\) if and only if \(T(\cdot)\) is of bounded semi-variation in \(0 \leq t \leq b\), with a counterpart for \(p < \infty\). No functional equation is required of \(T(\cdot)\). As a particular case, various theorems on the differentiability of the variation-of-constants solution (1) of \[ y'(t) = Ay(t) + f(t) \] (\(A\) the generator of a semigroup or integrated semigroup \(T(t)\)) are obtained.