Irrationality of certain Lambert series (Q1890458)

The main results of this paper are the three following theorems. Theorem 1: Let \(K\) be either \(\mathbb Q\) or an imaginary quadratic field. Assume that \(q\) is an integer in \(K\) with \(|q| >1\) and \(\{ a_n\}\) is a periodic sequence in \(K\) of period two, not identically zero. Then \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{a_n}{1-q^n}\notin K\). Theorem 2: Let \(q\) be an algebraic integer such that \(|q| >1\) and \(| q^x| <1\) for any \(x\in \Aut(\overline {\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)\) with \(q^x\not= q\) and \(\{ a_n \}\) be a periodic sequence in \(\mathbb Q(q)\) of period two, not identically zero. Then \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{a_n}{1-q^n}\notin \mathbb Q(q)\). Theorem 3: Let \(q\) be a quadratic integer satisfying \(|q| >1\) and \(| q^x | <1\) for any \(x\in \Aut(\overline {\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)\) with \(q^x\not= q\). Assume that \(\gamma\) is a unit in \(\mathbb Q(q)\) with \(\mid \gamma \mid \leq 1\), and \(\alpha \in \mathbb Q(q)^x\) with \(( \text{den}(q^l\alpha))^4< |q| \) for some \(l\in \mathbb N\). Suppose that \(\alpha q^n\not= 1\) for all \(n\geq 1\). Then \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\gamma^n}{1-\alpha q^n}\notin \mathbb Q(q)\). The proofs are based on clever calculation of the suitable integrals.