Topological properties of Hilbert schemes of almost-complex fourfolds. I (Q636840)

Given a smooth irreducible complex projective surface \(X\), the Hilbert scheme \(X^{[n]}\) of \(n\) points on \(X\) can be seen as a smooth resolution of the \(n\)-th symmetric product of \(X\). Many topological properties of \(X^{[n]}\) are known. The Betti numbers have been calculated by \textit{L. Göttsche} [Math. Ann. 286, No. 1--3, 193--207 (1990; Zbl 0679.14007)] and only depend on the Betti numbers of \(X\). This result has been clarified by \textit{H. Nakajima} [Ann. Math. (2) 145, No. 2, 379--388 (1997; Zbl 0915.14001)] by constructing a representation of a Heisenberg algebra built from the rational cohomology of the surface on the direct sum \(\mathbb H := \bigoplus \mathrm H^*(X^{[n]}, \mathbb Q)\). In the paper at hand, the author extends these results to Voisin's Hilbert schemes [\textit{C. Voisin}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 50, No. 2, 689--722 (2000; Zbl 0954.14002)] associated to compact almost-complex four-manifolds. He is able to prove both Göttsche's formula and the defining commutation relations of Nakajima's operators in this context. One main ingredient of the proof is Le Poitier's decomposition theorem for semi-small maps (following the decomposition theorem by \textit{A. A. Beilinson, J. Bernstein} and \textit{P. Deligne} [Faisceaux pervers. Astérisque 100, 172 p. (1982; Zbl 0536.14011)] without using any characteristic \(p\)-methods or étale cohomology), which is included together with a proof as it is otherwise unpublished. Finally, tautological bundles are defined in this almost-complex setting.