Christoffel transforms and Hermitian linear functionals (Q2504868)

The authors consider a positive definite bilinear Hermitian form \(S\), constructed from a Hermitian linear functional on the linear space of Laurent polynomials with complex coefficients \(\text{span }\{z^n:n\in\mathbb Z\}\). The new result uses the sequence of orthonormal polynomials \((k_n^{-1/2}\,P_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\) associated with \(S\) and \((\psi_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\) associated with \(S_2\), defined by \(S_2:=S((z-\alpha)p; (z-\alpha)q)\) \((p;q\in\mathbb P)\) (complex polynomials): The matrix \(M\) defined by \[ (z-\alpha)\,\psi(z)=M\,\phi(z), \] where \(\psi(z)=[\psi_0(z),\psi_1(z),\dots]^t\) and \(\phi(z)=[\phi_0(z),\phi_1(z),\dots]^t\) and its leading principal minors \(M_n\) are proved to satisfy (1) \(M\,M^{*}=I_n\); (2) \(M^{*}\,M=I-\lambda_{\infty}(\alpha)\,\phi(\alpha)\,\phi^{*}(\alpha)\); (3) \(M_n\,M_n^{*}=I_n-\frac{K_{n-1}(\alpha,\alpha)}{K_n(\alpha,\alpha)}\,e_n\,e_n^{*}\) (\(I_n\) is the \(n\times n\) identity matrix, \(e_n\) the \(n\)--th \(n\)--dimensional unit vector) (4) \(M_n^{*}M_n\,=I_n-\frac{1)}{K_n(\alpha,\alpha)}\,\Phi_n\,\Phi_n^{*}\), where \(\Phi_n=[\phi_0(\alpha),\phi_1(\alpha),\dots,\phi_{n-1}(\alpha)]^t\). Here \(K_n(z;y)=\sum_{j=0}^n \frac{P_j(z),\overline{P_j(y)}}{k_j}\). Moreover, the authors restate two results from a paper by \textit{L. Daruis} and the authors [Spectral transformations for Hermitian Toeplitz matrices, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 202, No. 2, 155--176 (2007; Zbl 1131.42301)].