On the number of limit cycles of polynomial Liénard systems (Q1940172)

Consider the polynomial Liénard system \[ {dx\over dt}= y,\quad{dy\over dt}= -g(x)-\varepsilon f(x)y,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter, \(f\) and \(g\) are polynomials of degree \(n\) and \(m\), respectively. Let \(H(n,m)\) be the maximum number of limit cycles of system \((*)\) in the phase plane for \(\varepsilon\) sufficiently small. The authors derive new lower bounds for \(H(n,m)\) which improve significantly existing results. In particular, they obtain the following estimates \[ \begin{aligned} H(n,4) &\geq H(n,3)\geq 2\Biggl[{n-1\over 4}\Biggr]+ \Biggl[{n-1\over 2}\Biggr]\quad\text{for }n\geq 3,\\ H(n,6) &\geq 2\Biggl[{n-1\over 3}\Biggr]+ \Biggl[{n-1\over 2}\Biggr]\quad\text{for }n\geq 5,\\ H(n,7) &\geq{3\over 2} n-9\quad\text{for }n\geq 7.\end{aligned} \]