Approximation properties of Julia polynomials (Q2644359)

Let \(G\) be a finite simply connected domain in the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\), bounded by a rectifiable Jordan curve \(L\), and let \(z_0 \in G\). By the Riemann mapping theorem, there exists a unique conformal mapping \(w = \varphi(z) \) of \(G\) onto the open disc \(D(0,r_0) : \{w:| w| < r_0\}\), normalized by the conditions \(\varphi(z_0) =0\) and \(\varphi^{\prime}(z_0) = 1\). For \(p \geq 1\), let \(L^p(L)\) be the set of all measurable complex valued functions \(f\) such that \(| f| ^p\) is Lebesgue integrable with respect to the arclength, and let \(E^p(G)\) be the usual Smirnov class. Each function \(f \in E^p(G)\) has a nontangential limit almost everywhere on \(L\), and such limit satisfies \(f\in L^p(L)\) and \[ \| f\| _{E^p(G)} = \| f\| _{L^p(L)} = \left(\int_L | f(z)| ^p| dz| \right)^{1/p} . \] If \(\Pi_n\) denotes the class of polynomials \(P_n\) of degree at most \(n\) satisfying the condition \(P_n(z_0) = 1\), the extremal problem \(\inf\{\| P_n\| _{L^p(L)} :P_n \in \Pi_n\}\) is minimized by a unique polynomial \(Q_{n,p}\), \(p > 1\), called the \(n\)th Julia polynomial for the the pair \((G,z_0))\). A classical result of \textit{M. V. Keldysh} and \textit{M. A. Lavrentiev} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér., III. Ser. 54, 1--38 (1937; Zbl 0017.21702)] asserts that convergence of polynomials \(\{Q_{n,p}\}\) to \((\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p}\) in \(E^p(G)\) is equivalent to the density of polynomials in this space. \textit{I. E. Pritsker}, [J. Anal. Math. 94, 343--361, (2004; Zbl 1077.30032)] defined the polynomials \(\widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\) as \[ \| (\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\| _{L^p(L)} = \inf\{\| (\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - P_n\| _{L^p(L)}:P_n \in \Pi_n\}, \] and denoting \(\widetilde{J}_{n,p} (z) = \int_{z_0}^z (\widetilde{Q}_{n,p}(t))^{1/p}\,dt\), \(z \in G\), estimated the rates \(\| (\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\| _{L^p(L)} \to 0\) and \(\| \varphi_0 - \widetilde{J}_{n,p}\| _{\overline{G}} \to 0\) as \(n \to \infty\), in the case of a domain with the piecewise analytic boundary \(L\). In the paper, the authors estimate the rates of \(\| (\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\| _{L^p(L)}\) and \(\| \varphi_0 - \widetilde{J}_{n,p}\| _{\overline{G}}\) in terms of the geometric properties of some other domains where the smoothness properties and approximations of the conformal mappings have been studied. Namely, suppose \(\psi_0 \) is the inverse function of \(\varphi_0\) and \(\beta(t)\) is the tangent direction angle at the point \(\psi_0(e^{it})\). It is proved (Theorem 1) that if \(G\) is a finite smooth domain of bounded boundary rotation, i.e., \(\beta(t)\) has bounded variation, then for every \(\varepsilon > 0\) there exists a constant \(c = c(\varepsilon) > 0\) such that \(\| (\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\| _{L^p(L)} < \frac{c}{n^{\frac{1}{p}- \varepsilon}}\), and \(\| \varphi_0 - \widetilde{J}_{n,p}\| _{\overline{G}} < \frac{c}{n^{\frac{1}{p}- \varepsilon}}\), for \(n \geq 1\) and \(p= 2,3,\dots\). Also, let \(\omega(\beta, \delta): =\sup_{| h| \leq \delta}\sup{t \in [0,2\pi}] | \beta(t) - \beta(t + h)| \). It is said that \(L \in \mathfrak{B}(\alpha, \mu)\) if \(\omega(\beta, \delta) \leq c\delta^{\alpha}\ln^{\mu}\frac{4}{\delta}\), \(\delta \in (0,\pi)\), for some parameters \(\alpha \in (0,1]\) and \(\mu \in (0, \infty)\) and for a positive constant \(c\) independent of \(\delta\). Note that the class \(\mathfrak{B}(\alpha, 0)\), \(0 < \alpha < 1\), coincides with the class of Lyapunov curves, and it can be seen that every \(L \in \mathfrak{B}(\alpha, \mu)\) is a Dini-smooth curve. Theorem 2 in the paper asserts that if \(G\) is a finite domain bounded by a curve \(L \in \mathfrak{B}(\alpha, \mu)\) with \(\alpha \in (0,1]\) and \(\mu \in [0,\infty)\) then, for \(n = 2, 3,\dots\), (i) \(\|(\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\|_{L^p(L)} < c \frac{\ln^{\mu}n}{n^{\alpha}} \), \quad \(\alpha \in (0,1)\) , \(p > 1\), (ii) \(\|(\varphi^{\prime}_0)^{1/p} - \widetilde{Q}_{n,p}\|_{L^p(L)} < c \frac{\ln^{\mu + 1}n}{n} \), \quad \(\alpha = 1\) , \(p > 1\), (iii) \(\|\varphi_0 - \widetilde{J}_{n,p}\|_{\overline{G}} < \frac{c}{n^{\frac{1}{p}- \varepsilon}} < c \frac{\ln^{\mu}n}{n^{\alpha}} \), \quad \(\alpha \in (0,1)\) , \(p = 2,3, \dots ,\) (iv) \(\|\varphi_0 - \widetilde{J}_{n,p}\|_{\overline{G}} < c \frac{\ln^{\mu + 1}n}{n}\) , \quad \(\alpha = 1\) , \(p = 2,3, \dots .\) The proofs are based on some auxiliary results among which we may cite a result of the first author [J. Approx. Theory 125, 116--130 (2003; Zbl 1043.30023)] which is deduced from an estimate obtained by I. E. Pritsker (loc. cit.). We also mention Theorem 4 in the paper stating that if \(G\) is a finite smooth domain of bounded boundary rotation then, for \(p > 1\), \((\psi_0^{\prime})^{1/p}(e^{it})\) belongs to the Lipschitz class \(\Lambda^p_{\frac{1}{p} - \varepsilon} \) for some \(\varepsilon > 0\).